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定语从句前置 后置翻译及长难句解读

时间:2021-03-28 05:02:21

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定语从句前置 后置翻译及长难句解读

一、翻译之定语从句

定语从句的翻译:

1. 中英文最大区别:定语?

2. 什么叫做定语?

3. 思考:中文定语的位置?

1)中文:中文定语肯定放前面!!!(现代汉语)

一般前置,一个“之”除外

翻译:中国疆域之辽阔,人口之众多,资源之丰富。

2)英语:词+词:something important // A cat alive// A child adopted

词+句子:定语从句

1. 定语从句前置合译法

On the whole, such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitudetowards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.

英到汉; 第一步断句!1)为什么要断句? 2)在哪断句?

中英文差异:长短(进化:之乎者也) 断开处:有连接词

第二步翻译!(人家有逗号,你也来)

1)Onthe whole 总体上来说

2)被动语态的知识点P变A

介词的翻译:1)翻译为方位副词 There is a book on the desk.

3)介词变成动词: I went to Beijing by plane.

The teacher came into the classroom with a book and a dog.

4)can be assumed 被动变主动

5)the others with whom he is being compared前置译法

中英文顺序:

中文:主语+废话(定语、状语、补语)+最重要的成分

英语:主语+最重要的成分+废话

中国作为一个发展中的大国高度重视中美两国之间的友谊。

China is major developing country and attaches great importance to the bilateral relationships between China and the US. (Ⅹ)

6)否定转移:Not by:

He did not go to school because he was sick.

By/because引导句子的时候,一定不转移!引导的是短语的时候,要转移!

7) only if只要 if only要是..就好了。

8)they 代词的翻译:代词指明要点。(中文是善于用名词,英文善于用代词)

What he said is true. 他所说的是对的。(所..的;在…上)翻译:what 话

(不能只翻译意思,做笔译就是查找知识点!!)

翻译三步:1)断句 2)翻译 3)重读

总结:“前置合译法”:把定语从句放在被修饰词之前,在定语从句后面加上一个“的”。

2.后置分译:定语从句不改变位置翻译,翻译关系代词(which,who,whom,where, that ,whose…)

短前长后:小于等于8个单词,前置。

Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate response will experience greater intellectual development.

1)中文善于短句,多标点。

2)加-ist不一定是“学家”

3)suggest“认为”。 “一群人,一堆人”加个动词,全部翻译成“认为”。

4)难点:循环套用定语从句

公式:中心词+定1+定2+定3+…定语N

长度:定语1+定语2=定语3 (常见) 定语1=定语2+定语3

循环套用:前置?后置? 所有套用全部都是后置!!

5)Which修饰什么?

6)hisor her 实在不知道,“模糊翻译法”其 其他人

7)develop发展…能力:动宾搭配不当。

8)will 动词,增词法“主语”。

9)“如果,而,那么”增词法。

增词法:在不影响句子意思的情况下,可以适当增加虚词,但是实词的增减一定要有依据。

练习;

TheGreek assumed that the structure of language has some connection with the process of thought which took roots in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.

练习知识点:

Assume

Some some kind of某些

3)没有知识点的情况下,翻译正确不得分。

4)限定和非限定从句:非限定一定后置。

5)which/who指代,就是得分点。

6)longbefore before long

7)before时间状语从句

8)what/how感叹句 what a beautiful hose!

总结:He is a man who is handsome. (笔译细细斟酌)

二、长难句理解

1)We are hard pressed on every side, but not crushed; perplexed, but not in despair; persecuted, but not abandoned; struck down, but not destroyed.

四面受敌,却不被碾压;内心迷茫,但从不绝望;遭到压迫,却不被遗弃;虽被击倒,但不至毁灭。

2)Black Fictionsurveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-colored Man.

《黑人小说》考察了范围很广的小说,在此过程中让我们关注到了一些引人入胜但却鲜为人知的作品,诸如JamesWeldon Johnson的《一个前有色人的自传》

3)Governmentsof developing countries occasionally enter into economic development agreements with foreign investors who provide capital and technological expertise that may not be readily available in such countries.

许多发展中国家的政府有时候与外国投资者签订经济发展协议。外国投资者会向发展中国家提供资金与技术,而这些往往不是发展中国家轻而易举就能得到。

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