一、测试需求描述
对服务后台一系列的http接口功能测试。
输入：根据接口描述构造不同的参数输入值
输出：XML文件
二、实现方法
1、选用Python脚本来驱动测试
2、采用Excel表格管理测试数据，包括用例的管理、测试数据录入、测试结果显示等等，这个需要封装一个Excel的类即可。
3、调用http接口采用Python封装好的API即可
4、测试需要的http组装字符转处理即可
5、设置2个检查点，XML文件中的返回值字段（通过解析XML得到）；XML文件的正确性（文件对比）
6、首次执行测试采用半自动化的方式，即人工检查输出的XML文件是否正确，一旦正确将封存XML文件，为后续回归测试的预期结果，如果发现错误手工修正为预期文件。（注意不是每次测试都人工检查该文件，只首次测试的时候才检查）
三、Excel表格样式
四、实现代码（代码才是王道，有注释很容易就能看明白的）
1、测试框架代码
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-#****************************************************************# TestFrame.py# Author: Vince# Version : 1.1.2# Date : -3-14# Description: # 平台：自动化测试平台# 简介：用于服务端自动化测试，该模块为测试平台主体，包含了执行自动化测试所需要的库函数及相关框架，此外还包含了Excel标准模版。# 使用约束：输入数据必须符合Excel标准模版；测试脚本编写遵循自动化测试框架规范（具体参见样例）## 功能实现列表：# 1、Excel操作封装# 2、参数组装# 3、测试调用# 4、测试报告保存## 适用范围：# 1、典型输入输出测试接口的测试，输入输出为一具体值，输入可以为多个参数，输出暂时支持1个输出，后期可考虑支持多输出的判断；# 2、输出返回XML文件，解析XML判断测试结果；# 3、输出为一个压缩包，解压包判断测试结果；# 4、......## 版本修改历史# 版本号修改人修改时间修改说明# 1.0.0 Vince -2-18 创建# 1.1.0 Vince -3-1修改操作EXCEL类 create_excel_obj# 1.1.1Vince-3-8增加解析XML函数# 1.1.2 Vince -3-14 统一注释# 1.2.0 Vince-3-18 修改了Excel模版样式，增加了返回值中同时检查多个Item及结构体的函数# 1.3.0 Vince-3-19 Excel对象操作由原来使用xlrd改用win32com,修改了create_excel类# 1.4.0 Vince-3-20 增强Excel显示的可读性；增加用例执行控制；增加用例执行统计功能；改善测试框架性能（提升1.5倍）# 1.5.0 Vince-3-22 将Win32com访问Excel表格由MS Excel改为WPS ET# 1.5.1 Vince -3-28 check_struct_item中调用check_item函数修改#****************************************************************import os,sys, urllib, httplib, profile, datetime, timefrom xml2dict import XML2Dictimport win32com.clientfrom win32com.client import Dispatch#Excel表格中测试结果底色OK_COLOR=0xffffffNG_COLOR=0xff#NT_COLOR=0xffffNT_COLOR=0xC0C0C0#Excel表格中测试结果汇总显示位置TESTTIME=[1, 14]TESTRESULT=[2, 14]#Excel模版设置#self.titleindex=3 #Excel中测试用例标题行索引#self.casebegin =4 #Excel中测试用例开始行索引#self.argbegin =2 #Excel中参数开始列索引#self.argcount =5 #Excel中支持的参数个数#self.resultcol =28 #TestResult列class create_excel:def __init__(self, sFile, dtitleindex=3, dcasebegin=4, dargbegin=3, dargcount=5, dresultcol=28):self.xlApp = win32com.client.Dispatch('et.Application') #MS:Excel WPS:ettry:self.book = self.xlApp.Workbooks.Open(sFile)except:print_error_info()print "打开文件失败"exit()self.file=sFileself.titleindex=dtitleindexself.casebegin=dcasebeginself.argbegin=dargbeginself.argcount=dargcountself.resultcol=dresultcolself.allresult=[]def close(self):#self.book.Close(SaveChanges=0)self.book.Save()self.book.Close()#self.xlApp.Quit()del self.xlAppdef read_data(self, iSheet, iRow, iCol):try:sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)sValue=str(sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Value)except:self.close()print('读取数据失败')exit()#去除'.0'if sValue[-2:]=='.0':sValue = sValue[0:-2]return sValuedef write_data(self, iSheet, iRow, iCol, sData, color=OK_COLOR):try:sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Value = sData.decode("utf-8")sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Interior.Color=colorself.book.Save()except:self.close()print('写入数据失败')exit()#获取用例个数 def get_ncase(self, iSheet):try:return self.get_nrows(iSheet)-self.casebegin+1except:self.close()print('获取Case个数失败')exit()def get_nrows(self, iSheet):try:sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)return sht.UsedRange.Rows.Countexcept:self.close()print('获取nrows失败')exit()def get_ncols(self, iSheet):try:sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)return sht.UsedRange.Columns.Countexcept:self.close()print('获取ncols失败')exit()def del_testrecord(self, suiteid):try:#为提升性能特别从For循环提取出来nrows=self.get_nrows(suiteid)+1ncols=self.get_ncols(suiteid)+1begincol=self.argbegin+self.argcount#提升性能sht = self.book.Worksheets(suiteid)for row in range(self.casebegin, nrows):for col in range(begincol, ncols):str=self.read_data(suiteid, row, col)#清除实际结果[]startpos = str.find('[')if startpos>0:str = str[0:startpos].strip()self.write_data(suiteid, row, col, str, OK_COLOR)else:#提升性能sht.Cells(row, col).Interior.Color = OK_COLOR#清除TestResul列中的测试结果，设置为NTself.write_data(suiteid, row, self.resultcol, 'NT', NT_COLOR)except:self.close()print('清除数据失败')exit()#执行调用def run_case(IPPort, url):conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(IPPort)conn.request("GET", url)rsps = conn.getresponse()data = rsps.read()conn.close()return data#获取用例基本信息[Interface,argcount,[ArgNameList]]def get_caseinfo(Data, SuiteID):caseinfolist=[]sInterface=Data.read_data(SuiteID, 1, 2) argcount=int(Data.read_data(SuiteID, 2, 2)) #获取参数名存入ArgNameList ArgNameList=[]for i in range(0, argcount):ArgNameList.append(Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.titleindex, Data.argbegin+i)) caseinfolist.append(sInterface)caseinfolist.append(argcount)caseinfolist.append(ArgNameList)return caseinfolist#获取输入def get_input(Data, SuiteID, CaseID, caseinfolist):sArge=''#参数组合for j in range(0, caseinfolist[1]):sArge=sArge+caseinfolist[2][j]+'='+Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, Data.argbegin+j)+'&' #去掉结尾的&字符if sArge[-1:]=='&':sArge = sArge[0:-1] sInput=caseinfolist[0]+sArge #组合全部参数return sInput#结果判断 def assert_result(sReal, sExpect):sReal=str(sReal)sExpect=str(sExpect)if sReal==sExpect:return 'OK'else:return 'NG'#将测试结果写入文件def write_result(Data, SuiteId, CaseId, resultcol, *result):if len(result)>1:ret='OK'for i in range(0, len(result)):if result[i]=='NG':ret='NG'breakif ret=='NG':Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,ret, NG_COLOR)else:Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,ret, OK_COLOR)Data.allresult.append(ret)else:if result[0]=='NG':Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], NG_COLOR)elif result[0]=='OK':Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], OK_COLOR)else: #NTData.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], NT_COLOR)Data.allresult.append(result[0])#将当前结果立即打印print 'case'+str(CaseId+1)+':', Data.allresult[-1]#打印测试结果def statisticresult(excelobj):allresultlist=excelobj.allresultcount=[0, 0, 0]for i in range(0, len(allresultlist)):#print 'case'+str(i+1)+':', allresultlist[i]count=countflag(allresultlist[i],count[0], count[1], count[2])print 'Statistic result as follow:'print 'OK:', count[0]print 'NG:', count[1]print 'NT:', count[2]#解析XmlString返回Dictdef get_xmlstring_dict(xml_string):xml = XML2Dict()return xml.fromstring(xml_string)#解析XmlFile返回Dict def get_xmlfile_dict(xml_file):xml = XML2Dict()return xml.parse(xml_file)#去除历史数据expect[real]def delcomment(excelobj, suiteid, iRow, iCol, str):startpos = str.find('[')if startpos>0:str = str[0:startpos].strip()excelobj.write_data(suiteid, iRow, iCol, str, OK_COLOR)return str#检查每个item （非结构体）def check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_dict, checklist, begincol):ret='OK'for checkid in range(0, len(checklist)):real=real_dict[checklist[checkid]]['value']expect=excelobj.read_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid)#如果检查不一致测将实际结果写入expect字段，格式：expect[real]#将return NGresult=assert_result(real, expect)if result=='NG':writestr=expect+'['+real+']'excelobj.write_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid, writestr, NG_COLOR)ret='NG'return ret#检查结构体类型def check_struct_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin, structcount):ret='OK'if structcount>1: #传入的是Listfor structid in range(0, structcount):structdict=real_struct_dict[structid]temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,structdict, structlist, structbegin+structid*len(structlist))if temp=='NG':ret='NG'else: #传入的是Dicttemp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin)if temp=='NG':ret='NG'return ret#获取异常函数及行号def print_error_info():"""Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""try:raise Exceptionexcept:f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_backprint (f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno) #测试结果计数器，类似Switch语句实现def countflag(flag,ok, ng, nt): calculation = {'OK':lambda:[ok+1, ng, nt], 'NG':lambda:[ok, ng+1, nt], 'NT':lambda:[ok, ng, nt+1]}return calculation[flag]()
2、项目测试代码
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-#****************************************************************# module1_case.py# Author: Vince# Version : 1.0# Date : -3-10# Description: 内容服务系统测试代码#****************************************************************from testframe import *STRUCTCOL=14 #结构体开始列#content_book_list用例集def content_book_list_suite():print 'Test Begin,please waiting...'suiteid=4 #设置测试输入Sheetindex=1excelobj.del_testrecord(suiteid) #清除历史测试数据casecount=excelobj.get_ncase(suiteid)checklist=['resultCode', 'listid', 'name', 'total', 'from', 'size']structitem=['bookid', 'name', 'title', 'progress', 'words', 'authorid', 'authorName']#获取Case基本信息caseinfolist=get_caseinfo(excelobj, suiteid)for caseid in range(0, casecount):#检查是否执行该Caseif excelobj.read_data(suiteid,excelobj.casebegin+caseid, 2)=='N':write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultcol, 'NT')continue #当前Case结束，继续执行下一个Case#获取测试数据sInput=get_input(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, caseinfolist) XmlString=run_case(com_ipport, sInput) #执行调用dict=get_xmlfile_dict(os.getcwd()+'docTest.xml')itemdict=dict['root']ret1=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,itemdict, checklist, excelobj.argbegin+excelobj.argcount)structdict=dict['root']['books']['book']ret2=check_struct_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,structdict, structitem, STRUCTCOL, 2)write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultcol, ret1, ret2)print 'Test End!'
3、测试入口
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-#****************************************************************# main.py# Author: Vince# Version : 1.0# Date : -3-16# Description: 测试组装，用例执行入口#****************************************************************from testframe import *from xxx_server_case import *from xxx_server_case import *import xxx_server_case#服务系统接口测试#设置测试环境xxx_server_case.excelobj=create_excel(os.getcwd()+'docTestDemo_testcase.xls')_ipport='XXX.16.1.35:8080'begin =datetime.datetime.now()#Add testsuite begincontent_book_list_suite()#Add other suite from here#Add testsuite end#profile.run("content_book_list_suite()")print 'Total Time:', datetime.datetime.now()-beginstatisticresult(xxx_server_case.excelobj)xxx_server_case.excelobj.close()
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