在CentOS 6.3下安装完Oracle 10g R2，重开机之后，你会发现Oracle没有自行启动，这是正常的，因为在Linux下安装Oracle的确不会自行启动，必须要自行设定相关参数，首先先介绍一般而言如何启动oracle。
一、在Linux下启动Oracle
登录到CentOS，切换到oracle用户权限
# su – oracle
接着输入：
$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
原本的画面会变为
SQL>
接着请输入
SQL> startup
就可以正常的启动数据库了。
另外停止数据库的指令如下：
SQL> shutdown immediate
二、检查Oracle DB监听器是否正常
回到终端机模式，输入：
$ lsnrctl status
检查看看监听器是否有启动
如果没有启动，可以输入：
$ lsnrctl start
启动监听器
SQL> conn sys@orcl as sysdba
然后输入密码，sys以sysdba身份登入数据库。
三、启动emctl
另外也可以发现http://localhost.localdomain:1158/em 目前是没有反应的，这边要另外启动，启动的指令如下：
$ emctl start dbconsole
这个指令运行时间较长，执行完的画面如下：
手动启动Oracle数据库完毕，下面创建系统自行启动Oracle的脚本。
四、Oracle启动&停止脚本
1. 修改Oracle系统配置文件：/etc/oratab，只有这样，Oracle 自带的dbstart和dbshut才能够发挥作用。
# vi /etc/oratab
orcl:/opt/oracle/102:Y
# Entries are of the form:
# $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:
2. 在 /etc/init.d/ 下创建文件oracle，内容如下：
#!/bin/sh# chkconfig: 35 80 10# description: Oracle auto start-stop script.## Set ORA_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME# from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut;## Set ORA_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the# Oracle database in ORA_HOME.ORA_HOME=/opt/oracle/102ORA_OWNER=oracleif [ ! -f $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart ]thenecho "Oracle startup: cannot start"exitficase "$1" in'start')# Start the Oracle databases:echo "Starting Oracle Databases ... "echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracledate +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracleecho "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oraclesu - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart" >>/var/log/oracleecho "Done"# Start the Listener:echo "Starting Oracle Listeners ... "echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracledate +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Listeners as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracleecho "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oraclesu - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" >>/var/log/oracleecho "Done."echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracledate +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracleecho "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracletouch /var/lock/subsys/oracle;;'stop')# Stop the Oracle Listener:echo "Stoping Oracle Listeners ... "echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracledate +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Listener as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracleecho "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oraclesu - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" >>/var/log/oracleecho "Done."rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle# Stop the Oracle Database:echo "Stoping Oracle Databases ... "echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracledate +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Databases as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracleecho "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oraclesu - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut" >>/var/log/oracleecho "Done."echo ""echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracledate +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracleecho "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle;;'restart')$0 stop$0 start;;esac
3. 改变文件权限
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle
4. 添加服务
# chkconfig --level 35 oracle on
5. 需要在关机或重启机器之前停止数据库，做一下操作
# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0.d/K01oracle //关机
# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc6.d/K01oracle //重启
6. 使用方法
# service oracle start //启动oracle
# service oracle stop //关闭oracle
# service oracle restart //重启oracle
7. 测试
a. 开机自启动
Last login: Mon Nov 26 19:57:06 from 10.0.0.145
[root@ORS ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@ORS ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 26 20:07:33
Copyright (c) 1982, , Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> set linesize 300;
SQL> set pagesize 30;
SQL> select * from scott.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL>
b. service oracle stop
SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options[oracle@ORS ~]$ logout[root@ORS ~]# service oracle stopStoping Oracle Listeners ... Done.Stoping Oracle Databases ... Done.[root@ORS ~]# su - oracle[oracle@ORS ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 26 20:17:20 Copyright (c) 1982, , Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.SQL> set linesize 300;SQL> set pagesize 30;SQL> select * from scott.emp;select * from scott.emp*ERROR at line 1:ORA-01034: ORACLE not availableSQL>
c. service oracle start
SQL> Disconnected[oracle@ORS ~]$ logout[root@ORS ~]# service oracle startStarting Oracle Databases ... DoneStarting Oracle Listeners ... Done.[root@ORS ~]#
d. service oracle restart
[root@ORS ~]# service oracle restartStoping Oracle Listeners ... Done.Stoping Oracle Databases ... Done.Starting Oracle Databases ... DoneStarting Oracle Listeners ... Done.[root@ORS ~]#
至此，Oracle服务启动&停止脚本与开机自启动设置完毕。
CentOS 6.3(x32)下安装Oracle 10g R2
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