Three.js--》实现3d圣诞贺卡展示模型

目录

项目搭建

初始化three.js基础代码

加载环境模型

设置环境纹理

添加水面并设置阴影效果

实现幽灵小球的运动

实现相机切换和文字切屏

实现漫天星星和爱心样式

今天简单实现一个three.js的小Demo，加强自己对three知识的掌握与学习，只有在项目中才能灵活将所学知识运用起来，话不多说直接开始。

项目搭建

本案例还是借助框架书写three项目，借用vite构建工具搭建vue项目，vite这个构建工具如果有不了解的朋友，可以参考我之前对其讲解的文章：vite脚手架的搭建与使用。搭建完成之后，用编辑器打开该项目，在终端执行 npm i 安装一下依赖，安装完成之后终端在安装 npm i three 即可。

因为我搭建的是vue3项目，为了便于代码的可读性，所以我将three.js代码单独抽离放在一个组件当中，在App根组件中进入引入该组件。具体如下：

<template><!-- 圣诞3d贺卡 --><christmasCard></christmasCard></template><script setup>import christmasCard from './components/christmasCard.vue';</script><style lang="less">*{margin: 0;padding: 0;}</style>

初始化three.js基础代码

three.js开启必须用到的基础代码如下：

导入three库：

import * as THREE from 'three'

初始化场景：

const scene = new THREE.Scene()

初始化相机：

// 初始化相机const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75,window.innerWidth/window.innerHeight,0.1,1000)camera.position.set(-3.23,2.98,4.06)camera.updateProjectionMatrix()

初始化渲染器：

// 初始化渲染器const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({antialias: true // 设置抗锯齿})renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth,window.innerHeight)document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement)

监听屏幕大小的改变，修改渲染器的宽高和相机的比例：

window.addEventListener("resize",()=>{ renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth,window.innerHeight)camera.aspect = window.innerWidth/window.innerHeightcamera.updateProjectionMatrix()})

导入控制器：

import { OrbitControls } from "three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls"// 初始化控制器const controls = new OrbitControls(camera,renderer.domElement)controls.enableDamping = true // 设置控制阻尼

设置渲染函数：

const render = () =>{ requestAnimationFrame(render)renderer.render(scene,camera)controls.update()}

进行挂载：

import { onMounted } from "vue";onMounted(()=>{render()})

ok，写完基础代码之后，接下来开始具体的Demo实操。

加载环境模型

经过前几篇对three.js小demo的训练，相信大家对加载模型可谓是得心应手了吧，无非就四步嘛：

第一步引入加载GLTF模型和压缩模型的第三方库：

// 加载GLTF模型import { GLTFLoader } from 'three/examples/jsm/loaders/GLTFLoader';// 解压GLTF模型import { DRACOLoader } from 'three/examples/jsm/loaders/DRACOLoader';

第二步初始化loader：

const dracoLoader = new DRACOLoader()dracoLoader.setDecoderPath("/draco/")const gltfLoader = new GLTFLoader()gltfLoader.setDRACOLoader(dracoLoader)

第三步就是加载gltf模型：

gltfLoader.load("./model/scene.glb",(gltf)=>{const model = gltf.scenemodel.scale.set(0.3,0.3,0.3)scene.add(model)})

第四步就是根据具体情况添加光源：

// 添加平行光const light = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff,1)light.position.set(0,50,0)scene.add(light)

设置环境纹理

这里的话通过RGBELoader将HDR(高动态范围)格式的图片数据加载到Three.js中，并将其转换为Cubemap格式的文本形式，以用于创建更高质量、更真实的3D场景和物体。

// 解析 HDR 纹理数据import { RGBELoader } from 'three/examples/jsm/loaders/RGBELoader'let rgbeLoader = new RGBELoader()rgbeLoader.load('./textures/sky.hdr',(texture)=>{texture.mapping = THREE.EquirectangularReflectionMappingscene.background = texturescene.environment = texture})

当然我们也可以设置一下环境纹理的色调映射，如下：

// 设置色调映射renderer.toneMapping = THREE.ACESFilmicToneMapping // 色调映射技术，是在电影和电视行业中广泛使用的一种技术renderer.toneMappingExposure = 0.3 // 色调亮光程度

这样可让环境稍微暗一点，更具有朦胧感：

添加水面并设置阴影效果

接下来通过three给我们提供的库进行创建一个水面，如下：

// 导入水面import { Water } from 'three/examples/jsm/objects/Water2'// 创建水面const waterGeometry = new THREE.CircleGeometry(100,100)const water = new Water(waterGeometry,{textureWidth: 1024,textureHeight: 1024,color: 0xeeeeff,flowDirection: new THREE.Vector2(1,1),scale: 100})water.rotation.x = -Math.PI /2water.position.y = -0.1scene.add(water)

接下来通过设置一个点光源，然后给模型添加接受阴影效果，如下：

// 添加点光源const pointLight = new THREE.PointLight(0xffffff,2,10)pointLight.position.set(-0.05,0.8,0.1)pointLight.castShadow = truescene.add(pointLight)

实现幽灵小球的运动

接下来我们通过创建一个点光源组来实现三个发光的幽灵小球：

// 创建点光源组const pointLightGroup = new THREE.Group();pointLightGroup.position.set(-8, 2.5, -1.5);let radius = 3;let pointLightArr = [];for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {// 创建球体当灯泡const sphereGeometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(0.2, 32, 32);const sphereMaterial = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({color: 0xffffff,emissive: 0xffffff,emissiveIntensity: 10,});const sphere = new THREE.Mesh(sphereGeometry, sphereMaterial);pointLightArr.push(sphere);sphere.position.set(radius * Math.cos((i * 2 * Math.PI) / 3),Math.cos((i * 2 * Math.PI) / 3),radius * Math.sin((i * 2 * Math.PI) / 3));let pointLight = new THREE.PointLight(0xffffff, 50);sphere.add(pointLight);pointLightGroup.add(sphere);}scene.add(pointLightGroup);

因为要想实现动画效果，这里需要安装一个动画库，看参考我之前的文章： Gsap动画库基本使用与原理 ，这里就不再赘述。

通过使用补间函数，从0到2π，使灯泡旋转：

let options = {angle: 0,};gsap.to(options, {angle: Math.PI * 2,duration: 10,repeat: -1,ease: "linear",onUpdate: () => {pointLightGroup.rotation.y = options.angle;pointLightArr.forEach((item, index) => {item.position.set(radius * Math.cos((index * 2 * Math.PI) / 3),Math.cos((index * 2 * Math.PI) / 3 + options.angle * 5),radius * Math.sin((index * 2 * Math.PI) / 3));});},});

最后实现的效果如下：

实现相机切换和文字切屏

首先先定义一个移动函数，如下：

// 使用补间动画移动相机let timeLine1 = gsap.timeline()let timeLine2 = gsap.timeline()// 定义相机移动函数const translateCamera = (position,target) =>{ timeLine1.to(camera.position, {x: position.x,y: position.y,z: position.z,duration: 1,ease: "power2.inOut",});timeLine2.to(controls.target, {x: target.x,y: target.y,z: target.z,duration: 1,ease: "power2.inOut",});}

接下来定义文字切屏的场景：

// 添加文字场景let scenes = [{text:'圣诞快乐',callback:()=>{// 执行函数切换位置translateCamera(new THREE.Vector3(-3.23, 3, 4.06),new THREE.Vector3(-8, 2, 0));}},{text:'感谢世界这么大还能遇见你',callback:()=>{translateCamera(new THREE.Vector3(7, 0, 23), new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0))}},{text:'愿与你探寻整个世界',callback:()=>{translateCamera(new THREE.Vector3(10, 3, 0), new THREE.Vector3(5, 2, 0))}},{text:'愿将天上的星星送给你',callback:()=>{translateCamera(new THREE.Vector3(7, 0, 23), new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0))}},{text:'愿永远和你在一起',callback:()=>{translateCamera(new THREE.Vector3(-20, 1.3, 6.6),new THREE.Vector3(5, 2, 0));}},]

接下来通过监听鼠标滚轮事件：

let index = ref(0)let isAnimate = false;// 监听鼠标滚轮事件window.addEventListener("wheel",(e) => {if (isAnimate) return;isAnimate = true;if (e.deltaY > 0) {index.value++;if (index.value > scenes.length - 1) {index.value = 0;}}scenes[index.value].callback();setTimeout(() => {isAnimate = false;}, 1000);},false);

接下来设置文字展示的样式：

<template><div class="scenes"style="position: fixed;left: 0;top: 0;z-index: 10;pointer-events: none;transition: all 1s;":style="{transform: `translate3d(0, ${-index * 100}vh, 0)`,}"><div v-for="item in scenes" style="width: 100vw;height: 100vh;"><h1 style="padding: 100px 50px; font-size: 50px; color: #fff">{{ item.text }}</h1></div></div></template>

实现漫天星星和爱心样式

接下来通过InstancedMesh网格渲染优化方式，允许在渲染多个相同的模型时，只需要创建一个几何体和材质，然后通过实例化渲染多个对象，从而大大提高渲染性能。

// 实例化创建漫天星星let starsInstance = new THREE.InstancedMesh(new THREE.SphereGeometry(0.1, 32, 32),new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({color: 0xffffff,emissive: 0xffffff, //模拟自发光材质，并且不会受到光照的影响。emissiveIntensity: 10, // 控制发光效果强度}),100 // 创建100个);

接下来将信息渲染到环境当中：

// 星星随机到天上let starsArr = [];let endArr = [];for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {let x = Math.random() * 100 - 50;let y = Math.random() * 100 - 50;let z = Math.random() * 100 - 50;starsArr.push(new THREE.Vector3(x, y, z));let matrix = new THREE.Matrix4();matrix.setPosition(x, y, z);starsInstance.setMatrixAt(i, matrix);}scene.add(starsInstance);

接下来实现爱心的效果：

// 创建爱心路径let heartShape = new THREE.Shape();heartShape.moveTo(25, 25);heartShape.bezierCurveTo(25, 25, 20, 0, 0, 0);heartShape.bezierCurveTo(-30, 0, -30, 35, -30, 35);heartShape.bezierCurveTo(-30, 55, -10, 77, 25, 95);heartShape.bezierCurveTo(60, 77, 80, 55, 80, 35);heartShape.bezierCurveTo(80, 35, 80, 0, 50, 0);heartShape.bezierCurveTo(35, 0, 25, 25, 25, 25);// 根据爱心路径获取点let center = new THREE.Vector3(0, 2, 10);for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {let point = heartShape.getPoint(i / 100);endArr.push(new THREE.Vector3(point.x * 0.1 + center.x,point.y * 0.1 + center.y,center.z));}

接下啦创建爱心动画：

// 创建爱心动画function makeHeart() {let params = {time: 0,};gsap.to(params, {time: 1,duration: 1,onUpdate: () => {for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {let x = starsArr[i].x + (endArr[i].x - starsArr[i].x) * params.time;let y = starsArr[i].y + (endArr[i].y - starsArr[i].y) * params.time;let z = starsArr[i].z + (endArr[i].z - starsArr[i].z) * params.time;let matrix = new THREE.Matrix4();matrix.setPosition(x, y, z);starsInstance.setMatrixAt(i, matrix);}starsInstance.instanceMatrix.needsUpdate = true;},});}function restoreHeart() {let params = {time: 0,};gsap.to(params, {time: 1,duration: 1,onUpdate: () => {for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {let x = endArr[i].x + (starsArr[i].x - endArr[i].x) * params.time;let y = endArr[i].y + (starsArr[i].y - endArr[i].y) * params.time;let z = endArr[i].z + (starsArr[i].z - endArr[i].z) * params.time;let matrix = new THREE.Matrix4();matrix.setPosition(x, y, z);starsInstance.setMatrixAt(i, matrix);}starsInstance.instanceMatrix.needsUpdate = true;},});}

在场景中进行调用函数即可：

在定义一个定时器，让页面在刚加载的时候就开始调用，在设置一个监听函数，当用户点击屏幕的时候，定时器清除，然后用户可以自行手动去切换场景：

var timer = setInterval(function() {var scrollEvent = new WheelEvent('wheel', { deltaY: 100 });window.dispatchEvent(scrollEvent);}, 3000);document.addEventListener('click', function() {clearInterval(timer);});

相关效果图如下：

demo做完，给出本案例的完整代码：（获取素材也可以私信博主）

<template><div class="scenes"style="position: fixed;left: 0;top: 0;z-index: 10;pointer-events: none;transition: all 1s;":style="{transform: `translate3d(0, ${-index * 100}vh, 0)`,}"><div v-for="item in scenes" style="width: 100vw;height: 100vh;"><h1 style="padding: 100px 50px; font-size: 50px; color: #fff">{{ item.text }}</h1></div></div></template><script setup>import { ref } from 'vue';import * as THREE from 'three'// 导入动画库import gsap from 'gsap';import { onMounted } from "vue";// 加载GLTF模型import { GLTFLoader } from 'three/examples/jsm/loaders/GLTFLoader';// 解压GLTF模型import { DRACOLoader } from 'three/examples/jsm/loaders/DRACOLoader';// 导入控制器import { OrbitControls } from 'three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls';// 解析 HDR 纹理数据import { RGBELoader } from 'three/examples/jsm/loaders/RGBELoader'// 导入水面import { Water } from 'three/examples/jsm/objects/Water2'// 初始化场景const scene = new THREE.Scene()// 初始化相机const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75,window.innerWidth/window.innerHeight,0.1,1000)camera.position.set(-3.23,2.98,4.06)camera.updateProjectionMatrix()// 初始化渲染器const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({antialias: true // 设置抗锯齿})renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth,window.innerHeight)document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement)// 监听页面变化window.addEventListener("resize",()=>{ renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth,window.innerHeight)camera.aspect = window.innerWidth/window.innerHeightcamera.updateProjectionMatrix()})// 设置色调映射renderer.toneMapping = THREE.ACESFilmicToneMapping // 色调映射技术，是在电影和电视行业中广泛使用的一种技术renderer.toneMappingExposure = 0.3 // 色调亮光程度// 设置渲染器允许阴影效果renderer.shadowMap.enabled = truerenderer.physicallyCorrectLights = true// 初始化控制器const controls = new OrbitControls(camera,renderer.domElement)controls.target.set(-8,2,0)controls.enableDamping = true // 设置控制阻尼const render = () =>{ requestAnimationFrame(render)renderer.render(scene,camera)controls.update()}onMounted(()=>{render()})// 初始化loaderconst dracoLoader = new DRACOLoader()dracoLoader.setDecoderPath("/draco/")const gltfLoader = new GLTFLoader()gltfLoader.setDRACOLoader(dracoLoader)// 加载模型gltfLoader.load("./model/scene.glb",(gltf)=>{const model = gltf.scenemodel.traverse((child)=>{if(child.name === 'Plane'){child.visible = false}// 设置物体是允许接收和投射阴影的if(child.isMesh){child.castShadow = truechild.receiveShadow = true}})scene.add(model)})// 创建水面const waterGeometry = new THREE.CircleGeometry(100,100)const water = new Water(waterGeometry,{textureWidth: 1024,textureHeight: 1024,color: 0xeeeeff,flowDirection: new THREE.Vector2(1,1),scale: 100})water.rotation.x = -Math.PI /2water.position.y = -0.1scene.add(water)// 添加平行光const light = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff,1)light.position.set(0,50,0)scene.add(light)// 添加点光源const pointLight = new THREE.PointLight(0xffffff,50,10)pointLight.position.set(0.1, 2.4, 0)pointLight.castShadow = truescene.add(pointLight)// 创建点光源组const pointLightGroup = new THREE.Group();pointLightGroup.position.set(-8, 2.5, -1.5);let radius = 3;let pointLightArr = [];for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {// 创建球体当灯泡const sphereGeometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(0.2, 32, 32);const sphereMaterial = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({color: 0xffffff,emissive: 0xffffff,emissiveIntensity: 10,});const sphere = new THREE.Mesh(sphereGeometry, sphereMaterial);pointLightArr.push(sphere);sphere.position.set(radius * Math.cos((i * 2 * Math.PI) / 3),Math.cos((i * 2 * Math.PI) / 3),radius * Math.sin((i * 2 * Math.PI) / 3));let pointLight = new THREE.PointLight(0xffffff, 50);sphere.add(pointLight);pointLightGroup.add(sphere);}scene.add(pointLightGroup);// 使用补间函数，从0到2π，使灯泡旋转let options = {angle: 0,};gsap.to(options, {angle: Math.PI * 2,duration: 10,repeat: -1,ease: "linear",onUpdate: () => {pointLightGroup.rotation.y = options.angle;pointLightArr.forEach((item, index) => {item.position.set(radius * Math.cos((index * 2 * Math.PI) / 3),Math.cos((index * 2 * Math.PI) / 3 + options.angle * 5),radius * Math.sin((index * 2 * Math.PI) / 3));});},});// 加载纹理贴图let rgbeLoader = new RGBELoader()rgbeLoader.load('./textures/sky.hdr',(texture)=>{texture.mapping = THREE.EquirectangularReflectionMappingscene.background = texturescene.environment = texture})// 使用补间动画移动相机let timeLine1 = gsap.timeline()let timeLine2 = gsap.timeline()// 定义相机移动函数const translateCamera = (position,target) =>{ timeLine1.to(camera.position, {x: position.x,y: position.y,z: position.z,duration: 1,ease: "power2.inOut",});timeLine2.to(controls.target, {x: target.x,y: target.y,z: target.z,duration: 1,ease: "power2.inOut",});}// 添加文字场景let scenes = [{text:'圣诞快乐',callback:()=>{// 执行函数切换位置translateCamera(new THREE.Vector3(-3.23, 3, 4.06),new THREE.Vector3(-8, 2, 0));restoreHeart()}},{text:'感谢世界这么大还能遇见你',callback:()=>{translateCamera(new THREE.Vector3(7, 0, 23), new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0))}},{text:'愿与你探寻整个世界',callback:()=>{translateCamera(new THREE.Vector3(10, 3, 0), new THREE.Vector3(5, 2, 0))}},{text:'愿将天上的星星送给你',callback:()=>{translateCamera(new THREE.Vector3(7, 0, 23), new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0))makeHeart()}},{text:'愿永远和你在一起',callback:()=>{translateCamera(new THREE.Vector3(-20, 1.3, 6.6),new THREE.Vector3(5, 2, 0));}},]let index = ref(0)let isAnimate = false;// 监听鼠标滚轮事件window.addEventListener("wheel",(e) => {if (isAnimate) return;isAnimate = true;if (e.deltaY > 0) {index.value++;if (index.value > scenes.length - 1) {index.value = 0;}}scenes[index.value].callback();setTimeout(() => {isAnimate = false;}, 1000);},false);// 实例化创建漫天星星let starsInstance = new THREE.InstancedMesh(new THREE.SphereGeometry(0.1, 32, 32),new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({color: 0xffffff,emissive: 0xffffff, //模拟自发光材质，并且不会受到光照的影响。emissiveIntensity: 10, // 控制发光效果强度}),100 // 创建100个);// 星星随机到天上let starsArr = [];let endArr = [];for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {let x = Math.random() * 100 - 50;let y = Math.random() * 100 - 50;let z = Math.random() * 100 - 50;starsArr.push(new THREE.Vector3(x, y, z));let matrix = new THREE.Matrix4();matrix.setPosition(x, y, z);starsInstance.setMatrixAt(i, matrix);}scene.add(starsInstance);// 创建爱心路径let heartShape = new THREE.Shape();heartShape.moveTo(25, 25);heartShape.bezierCurveTo(25, 25, 20, 0, 0, 0);heartShape.bezierCurveTo(-30, 0, -30, 35, -30, 35);heartShape.bezierCurveTo(-30, 55, -10, 77, 25, 95);heartShape.bezierCurveTo(60, 77, 80, 55, 80, 35);heartShape.bezierCurveTo(80, 35, 80, 0, 50, 0);heartShape.bezierCurveTo(35, 0, 25, 25, 25, 25);// 根据爱心路径获取点let center = new THREE.Vector3(0, 2, 10);for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {let point = heartShape.getPoint(i / 100);endArr.push(new THREE.Vector3(point.x * 0.1 + center.x,point.y * 0.1 + center.y,center.z));}// 创建爱心动画function makeHeart() {let params = {time: 0,};gsap.to(params, {time: 1,duration: 1,onUpdate: () => {for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {let x = starsArr[i].x + (endArr[i].x - starsArr[i].x) * params.time;let y = starsArr[i].y + (endArr[i].y - starsArr[i].y) * params.time;let z = starsArr[i].z + (endArr[i].z - starsArr[i].z) * params.time;let matrix = new THREE.Matrix4();matrix.setPosition(x, y, z);starsInstance.setMatrixAt(i, matrix);}starsInstance.instanceMatrix.needsUpdate = true;},});}function restoreHeart() {let params = {time: 0,};gsap.to(params, {time: 1,duration: 1,onUpdate: () => {for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {let x = endArr[i].x + (starsArr[i].x - endArr[i].x) * params.time;let y = endArr[i].y + (starsArr[i].y - endArr[i].y) * params.time;let z = endArr[i].z + (starsArr[i].z - endArr[i].z) * params.time;let matrix = new THREE.Matrix4();matrix.setPosition(x, y, z);starsInstance.setMatrixAt(i, matrix);}starsInstance.instanceMatrix.needsUpdate = true;},});}var timer = setInterval(function() {var scrollEvent = new WheelEvent('wheel', { deltaY: 100 });window.dispatchEvent(scrollEvent);}, 3000);document.addEventListener('click', function() {clearInterval(timer);});</script><style lang="less" scoped></style>