“流浪作家”三毛：撒哈拉、爱情和死亡
Overlooked No More: Sanmao, ‘Wandering Writer’ Who Found Her Voice in the Desert
Overlooked No More不再被忽略Sanmao三毛(台湾著名女作家,旅行家)
In the early 1970s, theTaiwanesewriter Sanmao saw anarticleabout theSahara DesertinNational Geographicmagazine and told her friends that she wanted to travel there and cross it.
20世纪70年代初，台湾作家三毛在《国家地理》（National Geographic）杂志上看到一篇关于撒哈拉沙漠的文章，随后告诉朋友她想去那里旅行，并穿越撒哈拉沙漠。
Taiwaneseadj.台湾人的;台湾的 n.台湾人articlen.物品,物件Sahara Desert撒哈拉大沙漠[北非]National Geographic国家地理
Theyassumedshe was joking, but she wouldeventuallygo on that journey and write that the vast Sahara was her “dream lover.”
朋友们以为她在开玩笑，没想到她最终踏上旅程，并撰文称，广袤的撒哈拉沙漠是她的“梦中情人”。
assumedadj.假装的;假冒的 假定的,设想的eventuallyadv.终于,最后
“I looked around at theboundlesssand across which the windwailed, the sky high above, the landscapemajesticand calm,” she wrote in a seminal 1976essaycollection, “Stories of the Sahara,” of arriving for the first time at awindsweptairport in the Western Saharan city of El Aaiún.
她在发表于1976年的经典散文集《撒哈拉的故事》中写道，当她第一次来到撒哈拉，到达撒哈拉西部阿尤恩市一座狂风肆虐的机场时，“我举目望去，无际的黄沙上有寂寞的大风呜咽的吹过，天，是高的，地是沉厚雄壮而安静的。”
boundlessadj.无限的;无穷的 无边际的;广阔的wailedv.呼啸;悲叹majesticadj.雄伟的,庄严的 壮丽的essayn.散文,随笔windsweptadj.风刮的,被风吹散的,暴露在风中的
“It was dusk,” she continued. “The setting sunstainedthe desert the red of fresh blood, asorrowfulbeauty. Thetemperaturefelt like early winter. I’d expected ascorchingsun, but instead found aswatheofpoeticdesolation.”
“正是黄昏，”她继续写道。“落日将沙漠染成鲜血的红色，凄美恐怖。近乎初冬的气候，在原本期待着炎热烈日的心情下，大地化转为一片诗意的苍凉。”
stainedadj.玷污的;著名的 v.玷污;败坏;给…染色sorrowfuladj.伤心的,悲伤的 adv.伤心地,悲痛地 n.悲痛,伤心temperaturen.温度,气温 高烧,发烧,发热scorchingadj.极热的 尖刻的 adv.灼热的swathevt.包围;紧绷;裹 n.带子,绷带;包装品poeticadj.诗的;有诗意的;诗人的 应得的赏罚;善有善报,恶有恶报desolationn.荒芜;废墟;孤寂;忧伤
It was one of many adventures she would have, and the books of essays and poetry she went on to write wouldendureamonggenerationsof young women in Taiwan and China who viewed herself-assuredproseandintrepidexcursionsasglorioustransgressionsof localconservativesocialnorms.
这是她将要经历的诸多冒险之一，她此后写下的散文和诗歌在台湾和中国的几代年轻女性中流传，她的文字中流露出的自信和深入当地探索的勇气，被她们视为是对当地保守的社会规范的勇敢挑战。
endurevt.忍耐;容忍 vi.忍耐;持续amongprep.在…中间;在…之中generationsvt.使形成;生殖;发生self-assuredadj.有自信的prosen.散文;单调 adj.散文的;平凡的;乏味的 vt.把…写成散文intrepidadj.无畏的;勇敢的excursionsn.远足,短途旅途gloriousadj.荣誉的,光芒的 辉煌的,壮丽的transgressionsn.犯罪;违反;逸出conservativen.保守的人 adj.保守的,守旧的normsn.规范,基准;定额,分配之工作量
Sanmao died in 1991 after publishing more than adozenbooks of essays and poetry, but she has not been forgotten. An account thatpublisheslines from her books on Weibo, a Twitter-like Chinese social mediaplatform, has more than a million followers.
在发表了十多本散文集和诗集后，三毛于1991年去世，但人们并没有忘记她。在中国类似Twitter的社交媒体平台微博上有一个账号专门摘选她作品里的一些文字，现在该账号有100多万粉丝。
dozenn.十二个,一打 adj.一打的publishes发表platformn.月台,站台;讲台;平台;坛
And a new English translation of “Stories of the Sahara” will be published by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom next month and in the United States in January. Mike Fu, the book’s translator, said it would be the first English translation of any of Sanmao’s books.
下月，布卢姆斯伯里（Bloomsbury）出版社将在英国推出《撒哈拉的故事》一书的英译版，并于明年1月在美国推出。该书翻译傅麦说，这是三毛所有作品的第一部英译本。
“The fact that she’s been able to endure this long in the Chineseliteraryimagination is something else,” said Fu, the assistant dean for global initiatives at the Parsons School of Design in New York.
“她能在中国文学创作中如此长盛不衰，实在非同一般，”纽约帕森斯设计学院（Parsons School of Design）负责全球项目的副院长傅麦说。
literaryadj.文学的;精通文学的;书面的
One reason may be that her writing style resonates with acurrentgeneration that isaccustomedto self-promotion and oversharing on Twitter and Instagram.
其中一个原因可能是，她的写作风格与习惯在Twitter和Instagram上自我推销和过度分享的这一代人产生了共鸣。
currentadj.现在的;最近的;草写的accustomedadj.惯常的 习惯于…的self-promotion自我推销oversharing过度分享
“Althoughubiquitousin thecontemporaryage of social media andcommercializedfeminism, Sanmao’sunabashedself-aggrandizementand position ofgung-ho empowermentwas ahead of its time,” Sharlene Teo, a Singaporeannovelistwho lives in Britain, wrote in the introduction of the English edition of “Stories of the Sahara.”
“尽管在社交媒体和商业化女权主义的当代，毫不掩饰的自我张扬和积极赋权已经无处不在，但三毛的精神领先于她的时代，”现居英国的新加坡小说家张温宁在英文版《撒哈拉的故事》的序言中写道。
ubiquitousadj.普遍存在的;无处不在的contemporaryadj.当代的 同时代的 n.同龄人,同代人commercializedvt.利用…牟利;商业化feminismn.女权运动unabashedadj.不害臊的;不怕羞的;满不在乎的 不加掩饰的;公然的self-aggrandizementn.自我扩张gung-hoadj.卖力的;起劲的empowermentn.授权novelistn.小说家
At the same time, Teo wrote, hersoaringself-confidence is frequentlyundercutbydescriptionsof her isolation,melancholyand “world weariness.”
然而，张温宁又说，她对自己的孤独、忧郁和“厌世”的描绘，常常会折损她那飞扬的自信形象。
soaringadj.猛增的;剧增的undercutv.削弱;廉价出售或工作 n.嫩腰肉;切口descriptionsn.摹状词；描述；种类，类型（名词description的复数形式）melancholyn.忧郁;忧愁;悲伤 adj.忧沉的;使人悲伤的world wearinessn.厌世
The essays, which wereoriginallypublished contemporaneously in a Taiwanese newspaper, paint aportraitof the native Sahrawis, anomadicpeople who have lived in the desert for generations. The Sahrawis fought adecades-longarmed resistance against the countries — Spain until the mid-1970s and then Morocco that administered the Western Sahara, a territory that stretches from Algeria and Mauritania in the east to the Atlantic coast in the west.
这些散文最初是在当时的一家台湾报纸上发表的，描绘了世代生活在沙漠中的游牧民族沙哈拉威人的生活。他们与西班牙和摩洛哥展开了数十年的武装抗争。对西班牙的抵抗一直持续到20世纪70年代中期，接着是摩洛哥。后者当时统治西撒哈拉，也就是东起阿尔及利亚和毛里塔尼亚、西至大西洋海岸的一片区域。
originallyadv.起初;原来portraitn.肖像,画像 生动的描述nomadicadj.游牧的;流浪的;游动的decades-long几十年
Sanmao becameimmersedin Sahrawi communities, and sometimes trained acriticaleye on some of theircustoms. She reacted in horror, for example, to a traditionalweddingceremonyin which the goal was to take a young bride’svirginityviolently.
三毛逐渐融入沙哈拉威人的生活，有时对他们的某些习俗投以批判的眼光。比如，她对婚礼上粗暴夺走年轻新娘的童贞的传统感到憎恶。
immersedadj.专注的;浸入的 v.沉湎于;浸criticaladj.批评的,爱挑剔的;决定性的;危险的customsn.海关;关税;习惯;风俗weddingn.婚礼ceremonyn.典礼,仪式 礼节,礼仪virginityn.处女状态,童贞,贞洁violentlyadv.猛烈地,激烈地 暴力地,极度地
“That the ceremony had toconcludein such a way wasdeplorableandridiculous,” she wrote in an essay called “Child Bride.” “I got up andstrodeout without saying goodbye to anyone.”
她在一篇名为《娃娃新娘》的文章中写道：“我对婚礼这样的结束觉得失望而可笑，我站起来没有向任何人告别就大步走出去。”
concludevt.结束;推断;决定,做结论 vi.决定;推断;断定deplorableadj.可悲的;凄惨的ridiculousadj.可笑的,荒谬的strodev.跨越;大步走
三毛的一次远足留影。她经常描写自己波希米亚式的生活方式。
Other essays document Sanmao’s life as a bohemianexpatriate. On her wedding day, for example, she treats heroutfitas anafterthoughtas she throws onsandalsand ahempdress and pins a sprig ofcilantroto her hat. Then she and herfiancéewalk for nearly 40 minutes through the desert to acourthousefor the ceremony.
还有些文章记录了三毛的波西米亚式侨民生活。比如，结婚那天，她对自己的穿着没有太放在心上，穿了一条麻布裙，脚蹬一双凉鞋，帽子上别一把香菜，就和未婚夫在沙漠里步行近40分钟去法院结婚了。
expatriaten.侨民;放弃本国国籍的人outfitn,全套装备,全套工具 集体组织afterthoughtn.事后的考虑或想法 事后聪明,马后炮;事后想起sandalsn.凉鞋;拖鞋 v.使穿拖鞋hempn.大麻;麻类植物;大麻烟卷 adj.大麻植物类的cilantron.芫荽叶,香菜fiancéen.未婚对象courthousen.法院大楼
“I didn’t own apurse,” she wrote, “so I had nothing to hold.”
她写道：“没有用皮包，两手空空的。”
pursen.钱包,小钱袋;金钱,财源 vt.皱起,缩拢
“Sheestablisheda different andexoticplace, a castle in the sand, for readers to enjoy,” said Carole Ho, a professor of literature at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. “At a time whenmaterialisticenjoyments were pretty limited in Taiwan, sheyearnedfor something different, and showed younger girls that it’s O.K. to be unique.”
“她建起了一个与众不同、充满异域风情的地方，一座供读者欣赏的沙中城堡。”香港中文大学文学教授何杏枫说：“在台湾那个物质享受极为有限的年代，她渴望不一样的东西，并向比她年轻的女孩证明，独一无二是可以接受的。”
establishedadj.已建立的;已设立的;已制定的 确定的,证实的exoticadj.由外国引进的,非本地的 奇异的,醒目的,吸引人的materialisticadj.唯物主义的yearnedvi.渴望,向往;思念,想念;怀念
Sanmao, who wrote under a pen name and sometimes went by Echo Chan, was born Chen Ping on March 26, 1943, during World War II, into a well-educated Christian family in Chongqing, a city in southwest China. Her father, Chen Siqing, was a lawyer, and her mother, Miao Jinlan, was a homemaker.
三毛原名陈平，除了笔名“三毛”，她有时还用“Echo Chan”这个名字。二战期间的1943年3月26日，三毛出生于中国西南城市重庆一个知书达礼的基督教家庭。她的父亲陈嗣庆是律师，母亲缪进兰是家庭主妇。
homemaker家庭主妇
Sanmao was arestlessstudent who spent much of her time reading Chinese and Westernliterature, including “Gone With The Wind” and “The Count of Monte Cristo.”
学生时代的三毛很不安分，她花了大量时间阅读中国和西方的文学作品，包括《飘》和《基督山伯爵》。
restlessadj.焦躁不安的;不安宁的;得不到满足的literaturen.文学,文学作品 文献,图书资料
One day in school, she wrote an essay about wanting to be a garbage collector so that she couldroamthe streets and finddiscardedtreasures. When her teacher called the ideanonsenseand made her start again, she doubled down — by writing that she wanted to be aPopsiclevendor.
有一天，她在作文中写到她想成为一个捡垃圾的人，这样就可以在街上闲逛，发现被别人丢弃的宝贝。老师说她简直一派胡言，要她重新再写，结果她变本加厉，写她想当一个卖冰棒的小贩。
roamvi.漫游,漫步;流浪 vt.在…流浪;在…漫步,漫游 n.漫游,流浪discardedadj.放弃的,删除的nonsensen.废话;胡话 愚蠢的行为;无聊的行为Popsicle棒冰vendorn.小贩;自动售货机
After studyingphilosophyat Taiwan’s Chinese Culture University, Sanmao moved to Spain in 1967, later studied in Germany and workedbrieflyin the law library of the University of Illinois.
在台湾中国文化大学修完哲学专业之后，三毛于1967年移居西班牙，此后在德国深造，并在伊利诺伊大学法律图书馆短暂工作了一段时间。
philosophyn.哲学 人生观brieflyadv.短暂地 简单地说;简洁地;简短地
She met her future husband, José María Quero, when she was 24 and he was 16 and they lived in the same neighborhood.
24岁时，她遇到了未来的丈夫荷西·马利安·葛罗（José María Quero），当时，荷西16岁，他们住在同一个街区。
“She had studied philosophy, languages, literature,” Carmen Quero, José’s sister, told the Spanish newspaper El País in about meeting her. “We were fascinated by her. He fell in love with her at first sight.”
“她学习过哲学、语言和文学，”，荷西的姐姐卡门·葛罗（Carmen Quero）在接受西班牙报纸《国家报》（El Pais）采访时，谈到与她见面的经历，“我们都被她迷住了。他对她一见钟情。”
They married in 1974 andsettledin Spain’s Canary Islands, where Sanmao wrote thelyricsto “The Olive Tree,” a song popularized by the Taiwanese singer Chyi Yu:
他们于1974年结婚，在西班牙加那利群岛定居。在那里，三毛写下了后来风靡一时的歌曲《橄榄树》的歌词，这首歌的演唱者是台湾歌手齐豫。
settledadj.固定的;稳定的 v.解决;定居lyricsn.歌词;抒情诗
Do not ask me where I’m from
“不要问我从哪里来
My hometown is far away
我的故乡在远方
Why do I wander around
为什么流浪
Wandering afar, wandering
流浪远方，流浪”
In 1979, the year the song was released, María Quero, ascubadiverand underwater engineer, died in adivingaccident. Sanmao returned heartbroken to Taiwan in 1981.
1979年，也就是这首歌发行那年，身为潜水员和水下工程师的荷西在一次潜水事故中丧生。三毛悲伤欲绝，1981年回到台湾。
scuban.水中呼吸器;水肺divern.潜水员 跳水者divingn.跳水,潜水 adj.跳水的,潜水的 v.潜水;跳水
“She gave love andpassionto everyone, but José took away an important part of her,” Lucy Hsueh, a Taiwanese painter and one of her closest friends, said in a phone interview.
三毛的好友、台湾画家薛幼春在接受电话采访时说，“她给予每个人爱和激情，但荷西带走了她生命中重要的一部分。”
passionn.激情;热情;酷爱
Sanmao spent part of the next decade teaching creative writing, becomingaffectionatelyknown as the “wandering writer.” Among other places, she traveled in Central and South America on a six-month travel writingassignmentfrom United Daily News, the Taiwanese newspaper that had published her essays from the Sahara.
在接下来的里，三毛教授创意写作，被人们亲切地称为“流浪作家”。她游历了很多地方，其中包括为了完成台湾《联合报》约稿，在中美洲和南美洲旅行了6个月。该报曾刊登过她在撒哈拉沙漠时的文章。
affectionatelyadv.挚爱地,亲切地assignmentn.工作,任务 分配,指派
Sanmao returned to her birthplace on the Chinese mainland in April 1989. The tripinspiredher to write thescreenplayfor “Red Dust,” a 1990 film about a love story set in Japanese-occupied Shanghai.
1989年4月，三毛回到她在中国大陆的出生地。这次旅行启发她写下了后来名为《滚滚红尘》的电影剧本。这部电影于1990年上映，讲述了上海日占时期的一个爱情故事。
inspiredadj.有灵感的;官方授意的 v.鼓舞;激发screenplayn.电影剧本
Sanmao died in a Taiwanese hospital on Jan. 4, 1991. She was 47. The death was ruled asuicideandpromptedanoutpouringofgriefin Taiwan.
1991年1月4日，三毛在台湾一家医院去世，终年47岁。她的逝世被判定为自杀，并在台湾引发巨大的悲痛。
suiciden.自杀;自杀者;自杀行为 adj.自杀的 vt.自杀 vi.自杀promptedadj.敏捷的,迅速的;立刻的 vt.促进;激起 n.提示;付款期限 adv.准时地outpouringn.倾泄,流出,流露griefn.悲伤,悲痛 悲伤的事情
Somespeculatedthat her heartbreak over losing her husband had been too much to bear.
有些人猜测她是因丈夫去世太过悲痛而自杀的。
speculatedvt.&vi.思索;猜测;推测 vi.投机
“Her extra 12 years after José passed away were for her parents,” said Hsueh. “Perhaps she left us to attend areunionshe had long promised to attend.”
“荷西去世后的里，她只是为父母活着，”薛幼春说。“也许她离开我们是为了去和她早已答应的人团聚。”
reunionn.再结合,重聚
Sanmao had once written of doing just that. “Jose, you promised to wait for me on the other side,” she wrote in “TheImmortalBird,” a 1981 essay about her ownmortality. “As long as I have your word, I have something to look forward to.”
三毛曾经写过要这样做。“荷西，你答应过的，你要在那边等我，”她在1981年谈论死亡的文章《不死鸟》中写道。“有你这一句承诺，我便还有一个盼望了。”
Immortaladj.长生的;不朽的;神仙的 n.不朽人物;神仙mortalityn.必死性 大量死亡 死亡率
Crown, Sanmao’s longtime publisher, released her collected works in . Morerecently, the Canary Islands and the Western Sahara have become populardestinationsfor Chinesetourists. Some Chinese websites offer directions to the Saharan church where Sanmao was married, and to a nearby hotel called the San Mao Sahara.
长期与三毛合作的皇冠出版社于出版了她的作品集。近些年，加纳利群岛和西撒哈拉成为中国游客的热门目的地。有些中国网站还提供去三毛在西撒哈拉结婚时的教堂和附近一家名为三毛撒哈拉旅馆的路线。
recentlyadv.最近;新近destinationsn.目的地,终点touristsn.旅游者 v.旅游;观光
One of her last books, “My Treasures,” is a collection of 86 short essays that celebrate clothing, jewelry, hand-decorated bowls and other objects that she had purchased during her travels.
三毛最后的一本书《我的宝贝》收集了86篇短文，描述了她在旅行期间购买的服装、珠宝、手工装饰的碗等物品。
celebratevt.&vi.庆祝 vt.颂扬,赞美
In one essay, Sanmao pauses toanalyzeher ownwardrobe, and lands on ametaphor.
在其中一篇文章中，她停下来对自己的衣橱作了一番分析，然后写了一个隐喻。
analyzevt.对…进行分析,分解wardroben.衣柜;全部戏装;行头metaphorn.隐喻
“The jeans I was wearing were bought in Shilin, my boots were from Spain, my bag was from Costa Rica, and my jacket was from Paris,” she writes. “An internationalsmorgasbord; and you could say they all unitedharmoniouslyand peacefully — and that’s exactly me.”
“下面的牛仔裤买自士林，长筒靴来处是西班牙，那个大皮包——哥斯达黎加，那件大外套，巴黎的，”她写道。“一场世界大拼盘，也可以说，它们交织得那么和谐又安然，这就是那个我吧。”
smorgasbord大杂烩harmoniouslyadv.和谐地;调和地
文章地址来自田间小站
