1500字范文 > Selenium Web自动化测试框架搭建

Selenium Web自动化测试框架搭建

时间：2020-07-27 05:56:40

所需环境

浏览器 ChromePython 3.9SeleniumPytest

配置驱动

在项目根目录下创建 conftest.py

import pytestfrom selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver import WebDriverimport osimport time# 配置driver 在所有的用例执行之前开始@pytest.fixture(scope="session",autouse=True)def driver():driverpath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'drivers/chromedriver.exe')driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driverpath)driver.implicitly_wait(5)driver.maximize_window()yield driver# 运行结束# driver.quit()@pytest.fixture(scope='function',autouse=True)def handler_case(driver:WebDriver):yield# 每个用例执行完成之后进行截图screenshots = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)),"screenshots")if not os.path.exists(screenshots):os.mkdir(screenshots)filename = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H_%M_%S')file = os.path.join(screenshots,filename+".png")driver.save_screenshot(file)

创建测试用例

testcases/test_login.py

from selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver import WebDriverdef test_login(driver:WebDriver):"""用户登录:param driver::return:"""driver.get("http://1.117.45.85/zentao/my/")driver.find_element_by_id('account').send_keys("abtester")driver.find_element_by_css_selector('[name="password"]').send_keys('Abtester123')driver.find_element_by_id("submit").click()def test_create_topic(driver:WebDriver):driver.find_element_by_css_selector('li[title="测试"]').click()# 切换iframeqa = driver.find_element_by_id('appIframe-qa')driver.switch_to.frame(qa)driver.find_element_by_css_selector('li[data-id="testcase"]').click()driver.find_element_by_css_selector('a.btn.btn-primary[data-app="qa"]').click()driver.find_element_by_id('title').send_keys('用户登录测试成功登录')driver.find_element_by_id('precondition').send_keys('网络正常：存在用户 abtester 密码:Abtester123')# step1driver.find_element_by_xpath('//tbody[@id="steps"]/tr[1]/td[2]//textarea').send_keys('打开登录页面')driver.find_element_by_xpath('//tbody[@id="steps"]/tr[1]/td[3]//textarea').send_keys('能够正常打开')# step2driver.find_element_by_xpath('//tbody[@id="steps"]/tr[2]/td[2]//textarea').send_keys("输入用户名 abtester")driver.find_element_by_xpath('//tbody[@id="steps"]/tr[2]/td[3]//textarea').send_keys('输入成功')# step3driver.find_element_by_xpath('//tbody[@id="steps"]/tr[3]/td[2]//textarea').send_keys('输入密码：Abtester123')driver.find_element_by_xpath('//tbody[@id="steps"]/tr[3]/td[3]//textarea').send_keys('输入成功')# submitdriver.find_element_by_id('submit').click()

封装POM

将自动化脚本直接写在代码中不是好的方案，如果后期页面进行了更改，那么维护起来很麻烦，一种业界通用的做法就是配置页面模型 POM

POM是将每个页面封装到一个类中，类中定义相关的操作，将上面的自动化创建测试用例的操作封装一下

pom/mainnav.py

"""页面导航"""from selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver import WebDriverfrom pom.testcasepage import TestCasePageclass MainNavgation:def __init__(self,driver:WebDriver):self.driver = driverdef nav_qa(self):"""导航到测试页面:return:"""self.driver.find_element_by_xpath('//li[@title="测试"]').click()qa = self.driver.find_element_by_id('appIframe-qa')self.driver.switch_to.frame(qa)return TestCasePage(self.driver)

pom/testcasepage.py

from selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver import WebDriverclass TestCasePage:"""测试用例相关的页面"""def __init__(self,driver:WebDriver):self.driver = driverself.driver.find_element_by_xpath('//li[@data-id="testcase"]').click()def create_testcase(self,title,*steps,precondition=''):"""创建测试用例:param title: 标题:param precondition: 前置条件:param steps: 测试步骤:return:"""self.driver.find_element_by_id('title').send_keys(title)self.driver.find_element_by_id('precondition').send_keys(precondition)# 约定测试数据 steps=[{step:"打开登录页面",expect:""}，{step:"打开登录页面",expect:""}]for i in range(len(steps)):self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(f'//tbody[@id="steps"]/tr[{i+1}]/td[2]//textarea').send_keys(steps[i].get("step"))self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(f'//tbody[@id="steps"]/tr[{i+1}]/td[3]//textarea').send_keys(steps[i].get("expect"))# submitself.driver.find_element_by_id('submit').click()def click_add_testcase(self):"""点击添加测试用例:return:"""self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector('a.btn.btn-primary[data-app="qa"]').click()

将页面封装为独立的类，在测试用例中调用测试方法

testcases\test_login.py

from selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver import WebDriverfrom pom.mainnav import MainNavgationdef test_login(driver:WebDriver):"""用户登录:param driver::return:"""driver.get("http://1.117.45.85/zentao/my/")driver.find_element_by_id('account').send_keys("abtester")driver.find_element_by_css_selector('[name="password"]').send_keys('Abtester123')driver.find_element_by_id("submit").click()def test_create_topic(driver:WebDriver):mainnav = MainNavgation(driver)# 导航到测试页面qa = mainnav.nav_qa()# 点击添加测试用例qa.click_add_testcase()step1 = {'step':"输入用户名zhangsan","expect":"输入成功"}step2 = {'step': "输入密码zhangsan", "expect": "输入成功"}step3 = {'step': "输入确认密码zhangsan", "expect": "输入成功"}step4 = {'step': "输入确认密码zhangsan", "expect": "输入成功"}step5 = {'step': "输入确认密码zhangsan", "expect": "输入成功"}qa.create_testcase("用户注册",step1,step2,step3,step4,step5,precondition='网络正常')

yaml配置页面元素定位

当创建的页面越来越多的时候，单纯的pom模型在维护元素定位时也会变得不方便，这时可以将页面上的元素放到yaml配置文件中；

安装 pyyaml 可以解析yaml文件

pip install pyyaml

配置页面的定位

pageconf/testcase.yaml

testcase:xpath: //li[@data-id="testcase"] #测试createbtn:css: a.btn.btn-primary[data-app="qa"] # 创建用例title:id: title # 用例的标题precondition:id: precondition # 前置条件submit:id: submit # 提交

在pom文件中定义解析yaml文件的基类

pom\basepage.py

from selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver import WebDriverimport osimport yamlclass BasePage:def __init__(self,driver:WebDriver,yamlfile):self.driver = driverself.__yamlpath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))),'pageconf')self.__yamlfile = yamlfileself.config = self.__load_yaml()def __load_yaml(self):"""加载yaml文件"""with open(os.path.join(self.__yamlpath,self.__yamlfile),encoding="utf8") as file:return yaml.load(file,Loader=yaml.SafeLoader)def find_element_by_yaml_config(self,name):"""自定义从yaml文件中获取元素定位:param name::return:"""selector:dict = self.config.get(name)for key,value in selector.items():if key == "xpath":return self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(value)elif key=="css":return self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(value)elif key=="id":return self.driver.find_element_by_id(value)elif key=="name":return self.driver.find_element_by_name(value)elif key=="class":return self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(value)

定义所有页面的基类，在基类中设置从yaml文件中读取配置的方法，后续所有的页面类都继承basepage 父类；

pom/testcasepage.py

from selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver import WebDriverfrom pom.basepage import BasePageclass TestCasePage(BasePage):"""测试用例相关的页面"""def __init__(self,driver:WebDriver):# 调用父类的构造器 'testcase.yaml' 传入页面的配置文件路径super(TestCasePage, self).__init__(driver,'testcase.yaml')self.find_element_by_yaml_config("testcase").click()def create_testcase(self,title,*steps,precondition=''):"""创建测试用例:param title: 标题:param precondition: 前置条件:param steps: 测试步骤:return:"""self.find_element_by_yaml_config('title').send_keys(title)# self.driver.find_element_by_id('title').send_keys(title)self.find_element_by_yaml_config('precondition').send_keys(precondition)# self.driver.find_element_by_id('precondition').send_keys(precondition)# 约定测试数据 steps=[{step:"打开登录页面",expect:""}，{step:"打开登录页面",expect:""}]for i in range(len(steps)):self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(f'//tbody[@id="steps"]/tr[{i+1}]/td[2]//textarea').send_keys(steps[i].get("step"))self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(f'//tbody[@id="steps"]/tr[{i+1}]/td[3]//textarea').send_keys(steps[i].get("expect"))# submitself.find_element_by_yaml_config('submit').click()def click_add_testcase(self):"""点击添加测试用例:return:"""self.find_element_by_yaml_config('createbtn').click()

至此，实现了自动化测试框架中的最常用的操作

POM页面配置

Yaml元素定位配置

Pytest 配置单独driver

整个代码架构

附录-所涉及到的知识点

Selenium基本用法yaml文件处理pytest的使用