前言
以往采集数据均是采用Arduino开发板、esp32wifi模块等，本次实验采用的是STM32单片机，STM32系列基于专为要求高性能、低成本、低功耗的嵌入式应用专门设计的ARM Cortex-M3内核，功能非常强大，为本次实验提供了无限可能。
参考博客：/weixin_43271542/article/details/117384011?spm=1001..3001.5502
1.实验原理
本项目采用ARM结构中最为代表的Cortex-M4系列的芯片，选用STM32F407ZGT6开发板进行项目开发，选用的传感器为常见通用的DHT11温湿度传感器。传感器将采集到的数据传输到STM32（MCU）主控进行数据处理，最后通过串口打印出来。
2.实验软硬件
2.1硬件
STM32F407ZGT6、DHT11温湿度传感器
硬件连接图
DHT11 STM32
data — 》 PG9
vcc — 》 5v
GND — 》 GND
2.2软件准备
所用的全部资料的下载链接：/s/1p0LfRRw54vqTtx1yKDsQwA
密码为：f22d
注：里面包括了keil5安装的步骤与开发环境搭建
Keil5
官方下载链接如下：/demo/eval/arm.htm
STM32f407固件库
官方下载链接如下：/dd2/pack
STM32CudeMx
官方下载链接如下：/web/en/catalog/tools/PF259242
STM32CudeMx的f407软件包
官方下载链接如下：/web/en/catalog/tools/PF259243
3.实验过程
3.1 keil5安装
请按照本人共享的链接里面的开发环境文件夹里面word文档进行操作，提取文件密码为：f22d
3.2 STM32CudeMx安装
(/s/1p0LfRRw54vqTtx1yKDsQwA)里面的STM32CudeMX文件夹里面word文档进行操作，提取文件密码为：f22d
3.3 BSP工程项目创建
①打开STM32CudeMX
②点击创建工程
③搜索STM32F407ZGT6，双击黄色区域
④点击Categories——》System Core ——》GPIO，选择PF9和PF10，各自点击为GPIO_OutPut
⑤对GPIO进行具体配置
⑥配置RCC时钟
⑦配置系统时钟
⑧这里以串口1为例 我们可以选择串口的模式(异步，同步，半双工) 串口接收中断
a）点击USATR1
b）设置MODE为异步通信(Asynchronous)
c）基础参数：波特率为115200 Bits/s。传输数据长度为8 Bit。奇偶检验无，停止位1 接收和发送都使能
d）GPIO引脚设置 USART1_RX/USART_TX
e） NVIC Settings 一栏使能接收中断
⑨配置STM32F407ZGT6的时钟树，由于是外部8M的晶振，所以得出一下的时钟树
a）选择外部时钟HSE 8MHz
b）PLL锁相环倍频168倍
c）系统时钟来源选择为PLL
d）设置APB1分频器为 /4
32的时钟树框图 如果不懂的话请看《【STM32】系统时钟RCC详解(超详细，超全面)》
⑩建立工程
3.4BSP工程项目开发
（1）用keil5打开此工程
2）点击option（锤子），然后进行主频配置，修改为8.0或者12.0，然后重新打开该工程进行检查，最后进行编译。
（3）在keil5上面创建SYSTEM和HARDWAVE两个文件夹
（4）回到创建的test工程目录，添加这两个文件夹，已经整理好了链接（STM32课程资料\库文件），复制库文件里面SYSTEM和HARDWAVE两个文件夹到test工程目录下。
（5）回到keil5里面，继续点击那个文件管理，然后根据对应的文件夹添加文件，一个都不要漏。
注：HARDWAVE也是这样添加工程文件进去。
（6）配置头文件路径，选择为第4步已经复制的两个文件夹（SYSTEM和HARDWAVE）
完成图如下：
（7）编程开发
a）main.c
#include "main.h"#include "usart.h"#include "gpio.h"#include "stdio.h"#include "sys.h"#include "delay.h"#include "usart.h"#include "dht11.h"void SystemClock_Config(void);int main(void){u8 t=0;u8 temperature;u8 humidity; int times;HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */delay_init(168);SystemClock_Config();DHT11_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)aRxBuffer, RXBUFFERSIZE);while (1){if(t%10==0)//?100ms????{DHT11_Read_Data(&temperature,&humidity);printf("A14122 WuXiaoXian\r\n");printf("Tem:%d\r\n",temperature);printf("Hum:%d\r\n",humidity);printf("\r\n\n");} delay_ms(100);t++; }}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/void SystemClock_Config(void){RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage*/__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 4;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 168;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4; if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV4;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_5) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}}void Error_Handler(void){/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */}#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT/*** @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number* where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param file: pointer to the source file name* @param line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line){/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */}#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT *//************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
b)uart.c
#include "usart.h"#include "stdio.h"/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */uint8_t USART_RX_BUF[USART_REC_LEN];uint16_t USART_RX_STA=0; //??????uint8_t aRxBuffer[RXBUFFERSIZE];//HAL??????????/* USER CODE END 0 */UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;/* USART1 init function */int fputc(int ch, FILE *f){HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t *)&ch, 1, 0XFFFF);return ch;}void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart){if(huart->Instance==USART1)//?????1{if((USART_RX_STA&0x8000)==0)//?????{if(USART_RX_STA&0x4000) //????0x0d{if(aRxBuffer[0]!= 0x0a){USART_RX_STA=0; //????,????}else{USART_RX_STA|=0x8000; //?????}}else //????0x0D{if(aRxBuffer[0] == 0x0d){USART_RX_STA|=0x4000;}else{USART_RX_BUF[USART_RX_STA&0x3FFF]=aRxBuffer[0];USART_RX_STA++;if(USART_RX_STA>(USART_REC_LEN-1)){USART_RX_STA=0; //??????,??????}}}}}}void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void){/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_Init 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_Init 1 */huart1.Instance = USART1;huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 2 *//* USER CODE END USART1_Init 2 */}void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle){GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1){/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 0 *//* USART1 clock enable */__HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();/**USART1 GPIO ConfigurationPA9------> USART1_TXPA10------> USART1_RX*/GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10;GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF7_USART1;HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);/* USART1 interrupt Init */HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(USART1_IRQn, 0, 0);HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 1 */}}void HAL_UART_MspDeInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle){if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1){/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 0 *//* Peripheral clock disable */__HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_DISABLE();/**USART1 GPIO ConfigurationPA9------> USART1_TXPA10------> USART1_RX*/HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10);/* USART1 interrupt Deinit */HAL_NVIC_DisableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 1 */}}/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
c)uart.h
/********************************************************************************* @file usart.h* @brief This file contains all the function prototypes for*the usart.c file******************************************************************************* @attention** <h2><center>© Copyright (c) STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.</center></h2>** This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,* the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the* License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:* /licenses/BSD-3-Clause********************************************************************************//* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/#ifndef __USART_H__#define __USART_H__#ifdef __cplusplusextern "C" {#endif/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/#include "main.h"/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */#define USART_REC_LEN 500#define RXBUFFERSIZE 1extern uint8_t USART_RX_BUF[USART_REC_LEN];extern uint16_t USART_RX_STA;extern UART_HandleTypeDef UART1_Handler; //UART??extern uint8_t aRxBuffer[RXBUFFERSIZE];//HAL??????????/* USER CODE END Includes */extern UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;/* USER CODE BEGIN Private defines *//* USER CODE END Private defines */void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);/* USER CODE BEGIN Prototypes *//* USER CODE END Prototypes */#ifdef __cplusplus}#endif#endif /* __USART_H__ *//************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
（8）检查配置，编译下载
（9）打开串口助手进行查看
4.注意事项
（1）注意在配置时钟树要严格按照步骤配置，当时由于不按照顺序导致最终编译出错；
（2）在软件准备时务必把所有软件都下载好，当时由于忘记下载ST_Link驱动导致编译出错；
（3）每次编译、下载完代码时记得把STM32按下reset键，才可以再次烧录；
（4）数据上云由于时间以及能力有限，未来期待会不断完善；
