在爬取类似 起点 色魔张大妈 这样的网站时，会被网站看出是爬虫机制，这时需要伪装成浏览器以及使用IP代理的方式来爬去正常内容。
实例
import reimport requestsimport urllib.requestfrom lxml import etreeurl='/rank/hotsales'#浏览器伪装# opener=urllib.request.build_opener()#设置代理proxy = {'http': '125.127.24.239:808'}proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler(proxy)opener=urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support)opener.addheaders=[('User-Agent','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36')]urllib.request.install_opener(opener)html=urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode('utf-8')# html=requests.get(url).text# f = open('FC.html','w')# f.write(str(html))# f.close()# print(html)selector=etree.HTML(html)info = selector.xpath('//div[@class="book-mid-info"]')for each in info:name=each.xpath('h4/a[@data-eid="qd_C40"]/text()')author=each.xpath('p[@class="author"]/a[@class="name"]/text()')target=each.xpath('p[@class="author"]/a[@data-eid="qd_C42"]/text()')intro=each.xpath('p[@class="intro"]/text()')[0]print(name)print(author)print(target)print(intro+'\n')
爬虫浏览器伪装
#导入urllib.request模块import urllib.request#设置请求头headers=("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0")#创建一个openeropener=urllib.request.build_opener()#将headers添加到opener中opener.addheaders=[headers]#将opener安装为全局urllib.request.install_opener(opener)#用urlopen打开网页data=urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode('utf-8','ignore')
设置代理
#定义代理ipproxy_addr="122.241.72.191:808"#设置代理proxy=urllib.request.ProxyHandle({'http':proxy_addr})#创建一个openeropener=urllib.request.build_opener(proxy,urllib.request.HTTPHandle)#将opener安装为全局urllib.request.install_opener(opener)#用urlopen打开网页data=urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode('utf-8','ignore')
同时设置用代理和模拟浏览器访问
#定义代理ipproxy_addr="122.241.72.191:808"#创建一个请求req=urllib.request.Request(url)#添加headersreq.add_header("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)#设置代理proxy=urllib.request.ProxyHandle("http":proxy_addr)#创建一个openeropener=urllib.request.build_opener(proxy,urllib.request.HTTPHandle)#将opener安装为全局urllib.request.install_opener(opener)#用urlopen打开网页data=urllib.request.urlopen(req).read().decode('utf-8','ignore')
代理用IP可以参考/
内容参考于/d1240673769/article/details/74295148 感谢
