本文为Python自动化测试框架基础入门篇，主要帮助会写基本selenium测试代码又没有规划的同仁。
本文应用到POM模型、selenium、unittest框架、configparser配置文件、smtplib邮件发送、HTMLTestRunner测试报告模块结合登录案例实现简单自动化测试框架
项目主要包括以下几个部分
conif.ini 放置配置文件
例如：
myunit.py文件放置的浏览器操作代码
import unittestfrom selenium import webdriverclass MyTest(unittest.TestCase):def setUp(self):self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()self.driver.implicitly_wait(10)self.driver.maximize_window()def tearDown(self):self.driver.quit()if __name__=='__main__':unittest.main()
base.py中放置浏览器对象操作代码
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ECfrom selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWaitimport os,configparserclass Page(object):path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath("."))cfpath = os.path.join(path, 'autoparker\config\conf.ini')conf = configparser.ConfigParser()conf.read(cfpath)url=conf.get('base','url')def __init__(self,driver,url=url):self.driver=driverself.url=urldef open(self):self.driver.get(self.url)def find_element(self,*loc):#传入参数为元组需要加*，本身就是元组的不需要*#print(*loc)try:WebDriverWait(self.driver,10).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(loc))return self.driver.find_element(*loc)except:print('页面中未找到 %s 元素'%(self,loc))def find_elements(self,*loc):return self.driver.find_elements(*loc)def send_keys(self,loc,value):self.find_element(*loc).send_keys(value)def click(self,loc):self.find_element(*loc).click()def clear(self,loc):self.find_element(*loc).clear()
loginpage.py中放置通用登录模块代码（尽量避免重复代码）
from mon.by import Byfrom time import sleepfrom objpage.base import Pageclass login(Page):username_loc=(By.NAME,'accounts')password_loc=(By.NAME,'pwd')login_button_loc=(By.XPATH,'/html/body/div[5]/div/form/fieldset/p/button')login_error_loc=(By.XPATH,'//*[@id="common-prompt"]/p')def login_username(self,username):self.find_element(*self.username_loc).clear()self.find_element(*self.username_loc).send_keys(username)def login_password(self,password):self.find_element(*self.password_loc).clear()self.find_element(*self.password_loc).send_keys(password)def login_button(self):self.find_element(*self.login_button_loc).click()#统一登录入口def user_login(self,username,password):self.open()self.login_username(username)self.login_password(password)self.login_button()sleep(2)#登录提示信息def login_error_text(self):return self.find_element(*self.login_error_loc).text
parker.py中放置公共元素操作代码（parker是我随便命名的，不纠结）
from selenium import webdriverfrom mon.action_chains import ActionChainsfrom selenium.webdriver.support.select import Selectclass Parker(object):def __init__(self,browser='chrome'):if browser=='ie' or browser=='internet explorer':driver=webdriver.Ie()elif browser=='firefox' or browser=='ff':driver=webdriver.Firefox()elif browser=='chrome':driver=webdriver.Chrome()try:self.driver=driverexcept Exception:raise NameError('没有找到浏览器，请输入"ie","chrome","ff"')def wait(self,secs=5): #隐式等待self.driver.implicitly_wait(secs)def to_element(self,key):#元素定位if '->' not in key: #如果key里面不包含=就执行下列语句raise NameError('参数类型输入错误')by=key.split('->')[0] #通过分隔获取[0]对应的值val=key.split('->')[1]#通过分隔获取[1]对应的值if by=='id':element=self.driver.find_element_by_id(val)elif by=='name':element=self.driver.find_element_by_name(val)elif by=='class':element=self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(val)elif by=='link_text':element=self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(val)elif by=='xpath':element=self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(val)elif by=='css':element=self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(val)else:raise NameError('请输入正确的定位方式：id,name,class,link_text,xpath,css')return elementdef open(self,url):#打开一个URLself.driver.get(url)def max_window(self):#最大化窗口（浏览器）self.driver.maximize_window()def set_windows(self,wide,high):#设置窗口大小self.driver.set_window_size(wide,high)def input(self,key,text):#对文本框进行输入el=self.to_element(key)el.send_keys(text)def click(self,key):#点击el=self.to_element(key)el.click()def clear(self,key):#清除文本框内容el=self.to_element(key)el.clear()def right_click(self,key):#右键操作el=self.to_element(key)ActionChains(self.driver).context_click(el).perform()def move_to_element(self,key):#鼠标悬停el=self.to_element(key)ActionChains(self.driver).move_to_element(el).perform()def drag_and_drop(self,el_key,ta_key):#拖拽 从一个元素拖到另外一个元素el=self.to_element(el_key)target=self.to_element(ta_key)ActionChains(self.driver).drag_and_drop(el,target).perform()def click_text(self,text):self.driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(text).click()def close(self):#关闭当前浏览器窗口self.driver.close()def quit(self):#退出浏览器self.driver.quit()def submit(self,key):#提交事件el=self.to_element(key)el.submit()def F5(self):#刷新self.driver.refresh()def js(self,script):#执行jsself.driver.execute_script(script)def get_attribute(self,key,attribute):#获取元素属性el=self.to_element(key)return el.get_attribute(attribute)def get_text(self,key):#获取textel=self.to_element(key)return el.textdef get_title(self):#获取titlereturn self.driver.titledef get_url(self):#获取urlreturn self.driver.current_urldef to_frame(self,key):#窗口切换el=self.to_element(key)self.driver.switch_to.frame(el)def alert_accept(self):#对话框确认操作self.driver.switch_to.alert.accept()def alert_dismiss(self):#对话框取消操作self.driver.switch_to.alert.dismiss()def img(self,fp):#截图self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(fp)def select_by_value(self,key,value):#下拉框操作el=self.to_element(key)Select(el).select_by_value(value)
send_email.py放置邮件发送代码
import smtplibfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartimport configparserimport osdef sendEmail(file_path):path=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath("."))cfpath=os.path.join(path,'autoparker\config\conf.ini')conf = configparser.ConfigParser()conf.read(cfpath)smtpserver = conf.get('emailqq','smtpserver')sender = conf.get('emailqq','sender')pwd = conf.get('emailqq','pwd')receiver=[]email_to=conf.get('emailqq','receiver')email_array=email_to.split(';')for i in range(len(email_array)):receiver.append(email_array[i])print(receiver)with open(file_path,'rb') as fp:mail_boby=fp.read()msg=MIMEMultipart()msg['From']=sendermsg['To']=",".join(receiver)msg['Subject']='我曾把完整的镜子打碎'body=MIMEText(mail_boby,'html','utf-8')msg.attach(body)att=MIMEText(mail_boby,'html','utf-8')att['Content-Type']='application/octet-stream'att['Content-Disposition']='attachment;filename="test_reuslt.html"'msg.attach(att)try:smtp=smtplib.SMTP()smtp.connect(smtpserver)smtp.login(sender,pwd)except:smtp=smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtpserver,465)smtp.login(sender,pwd)smtp.sendmail(sender,receiver,msg.as_string())smtp.quit()sendEmail('D:\\report.html')
最后main.py文件放置的就是运行代码（执行这个文件进行测试就可以）
import HTMLTestRunnerimport unittestfrom test_case.login import loginTestfrom public.send_email import sendEmailif __name__=='__main__':testunit=unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(loginTest)suite=unittest.TestSuite(testunit)file_path="D:\\html_report.html"fp=open(file_path,'wb')runner=HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp,title='登录测试',description='测试执行结果')runner.run(suite)fp.close()sendEmail(file_path)
今天就先到这里，一个入门级的自动化测试框架，由于是非专业开发自学，拿出来给大家分享，编程代码可能有点不规范，命名也很随意。大家先将就着看吧！回头慢慢完善。
还要多向大佬们学习。
备注：有想一起自学的朋友可以看配置文件代码，一起交流。三人行必有我师焉
