背景
昨天晚上（2月14号），我将电脑切换到ubuntu系统，发现我的外接显示屏用不了了。同时还弹出了软件更新窗口，于是我把更新窗口关掉了，执行了sudo apt update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y，但是外接显示屏依然用不了
原因猜测
nvidia驱动出现了问题（具体原因不明）linux内核与nvidia驱动不匹配（因为我上次从ubuntu系统退出去前应该进行了清内存的操作：参考/weixin_43686259/article/details/127729357，删除了一些我以为没用的——与我现在使用的内核不同的内核相关信息）Nvidia驱动自动更新后导致nvidia-smi不可用：/weixin_46841421/article/details/112979615解决问题过程
执行了sudo apt update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y, 弹出configuring openssh-server, 我选择了keep...在terminal中输入nvidia-smi第一次
报错：忘记了（大概就是找不到文件…）
解决办法：赶紧看看我的cuda还在吗——nvcc -V——不在了——sudo apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkit——再输入nvcc -V和nvidia-smi检查第二次
报错：bash: /usr/bin/nvidia-smi: No such file or directory
解决办法：具体步骤顺序忘记了（我动了display，将显示100%改成了125%；然后还动了software&updates中的additional drivers；然后就是把电脑动傻了，开始显示不是太大就是太小，无了nvidia的驱动，只能using x server - nouveau display driver from xserver-xorg-video-nouveau，没办法重启了电脑，然后就有了第三次的输出）第三次
报错：
(base) fl@fl:~$ nvidia-smiCommand 'nvidia-smi' not found, but can be installed with:sudo apt install nvidia-utils-390 # version 390.157-0ubuntu0.22.04.1, orsudo apt install nvidia-utils-450-server # version 450.216.04-0ubuntu0.22.04.1sudo apt install nvidia-utils-470 # version 470.161.03-0ubuntu0.22.04.1sudo apt install nvidia-utils-470-server # version 470.161.03-0ubuntu0.22.04.1sudo apt install nvidia-utils-510 # version 510.108.03-0ubuntu0.22.04.1sudo apt install nvidia-utils-515 # version 515.86.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1sudo apt install nvidia-utils-515-server # version 515.86.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1sudo apt install nvidia-utils-525 # version 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1sudo apt install nvidia-utils-525-server # version 525.60.13-0ubuntu0.22.04.1sudo apt install nvidia-utils-418-server # version 418.226.00-0ubuntu4sudo apt install nvidia-utils-510-server # version 510.47.03-0ubuntu3
尝试解决办法：sudo apt install nvidia-utils-525 # version 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1(没什么用)software & updates相关的报错 我尝试change成nvidia 525的驱动，一直报错，切换其他的515也报错
我去百度这些错误，或安装未安装的，如：sudo apt install linux-modules-nvidia-525-5.15.0-60-generic等，会报错误:
linux-modules-nvidia-525-5.15.0-60-generic : Depends: nvidia-kernel-common-525 (>= 525.78.01) but 525.60.13-0ubuntu1 is to be installedE: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
尝试使用sudo apt-get autoremove移除已经broken packages
…
以上类似的尝试都没起作用，在我想要不要卸载所有的nvidia驱动重新装时，我不小心点了using nvidia server driver metapackage from nvidia-driver-470-server，然后重启电脑，解决了我目前外接显示器不显示的问题。
现在输出nvidia-smi，正常了
手动安装nvidia驱动
中午的时候，我验证是否是我清linux不用的核而导致的上述问题，我在终端输入以下命令：
输入：uname -a输出：Linux fl 5.15.0-60-generic #66-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jan 20 14:29:49 UTC x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux输入：dpkg --get-selections | grep linux输出：binutils-x86-64-linux-gnuinstallconsole-setup-linuxinstallfonts-linuxlibertineinstalllibselinux1:amd64installlibselinux1-dev:amd64installlinux-baseinstalllinux-firmwareinstalllinux-genericinstalllinux-headers-5.15.0-60installlinux-headers-5.15.0-60-genericinstalllinux-headers-genericinstalllinux-image-5.15.0-50-genericdeinstalllinux-image-5.15.0-52-genericdeinstalllinux-image-5.15.0-53-genericdeinstalllinux-image-5.15.0-56-genericdeinstalllinux-image-5.15.0-57-genericdeinstalllinux-image-5.15.0-60-genericinstalllinux-image-genericinstalllinux-libc-dev:amd64installlinux-modules-5.15.0-48-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-5.15.0-50-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-5.15.0-52-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-5.15.0-53-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-5.15.0-56-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-5.15.0-57-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-5.15.0-60-genericinstalllinux-modules-extra-5.15.0-50-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-extra-5.15.0-52-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-extra-5.15.0-53-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-extra-5.15.0-56-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-extra-5.15.0-57-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-extra-5.15.0-60-genericinstalllinux-modules-nvidia-470-5.15.0-46-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-nvidia-470-5.15.0-48-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-nvidia-470-server-5.15.0-48-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-nvidia-470-server-5.15.0-60-genericinstalllinux-modules-nvidia-470-server-genericinstalllinux-modules-nvidia-510-server-5.15.0-46-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-41-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-43-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-46-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-47-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-48-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-48-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-50-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-52-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-53-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-56-genericdeinstalllinux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-60-genericdeinstalllinux-objects-nvidia-470-5.15.0-46-genericdeinstalllinux-objects-nvidia-470-5.15.0-48-genericdeinstalllinux-objects-nvidia-470-server-5.15.0-48-genericdeinstalllinux-objects-nvidia-470-server-5.15.0-60-genericinstalllinux-objects-nvidia-510-server-5.15.0-46-genericdeinstalllinux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-41-genericdeinstalllinux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-43-genericdeinstalllinux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-46-genericdeinstalllinux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-47-genericdeinstalllinux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-48-genericdeinstalllinux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-48-genericdeinstalllinux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-50-genericdeinstalllinux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-52-genericdeinstalllinux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-53-genericdeinstalllinux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-56-genericdeinstalllinux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-60-genericinstalllinux-signatures-nvidia-5.15.0-60-genericinstalllinux-sound-baseinstallpptp-linuxinstallutil-linuxinstall输入：sudo apt-get purge \linux-image-5.15.0-50-generic \linux-image-5.15.0-52-generic \linux-image-5.15.0-53-generic \linux-image-5.15.0-56-generic \linux-image-5.15.0-57-generic \linux-modules-5.15.0-48-generic \linux-modules-5.15.0-50-generic \linux-modules-5.15.0-52-generic \linux-modules-5.15.0-53-generic \linux-modules-5.15.0-56-generic \linux-modules-5.15.0-57-generic \linux-modules-extra-5.15.0-50-generic \linux-modules-extra-5.15.0-52-generic \linux-modules-extra-5.15.0-53-generic \linux-modules-extra-5.15.0-56-generic \linux-modules-extra-5.15.0-57-generic \linux-modules-nvidia-470-5.15.0-46-generic \linux-modules-nvidia-470-5.15.0-48-generic \linux-modules-nvidia-470-server-5.15.0-48-generic \linux-modules-nvidia-510-server-5.15.0-46-generic \linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-41-generic \linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-43-generic \linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-46-generic \linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-47-generic \linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-48-generic \linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-48-generic \linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-50-generic \linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-52-generic \linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-53-generic \linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-56-generic \linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-60-generic \linux-objects-nvidia-470-5.15.0-46-generic \linux-objects-nvidia-470-5.15.0-48-generic \linux-objects-nvidia-470-server-5.15.0-48-generic \linux-objects-nvidia-510-server-5.15.0-46-generic \linux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-41-generic \linux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-43-generic \linux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-46-generic \linux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-47-generic \linux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-48-generic \linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-48-generic \linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-50-generic \linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-52-generic \linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-53-generic \linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-56-generic成功清除不要的核
然后重启电脑，果然，没了nvidia驱动，外接显示屏也用不了了。
只能重装nvidia驱动。
查看自己电脑的显卡版本：/vcan123/p/11902213.html下载对应的版本驱动，下载地址：/Download/index.aspx?lang=en-us#（英文的）；/Download/index.aspx?lang=cn（中文的）
安装参考： Ubuntu下安装NVIDIA驱动的三种方法: /Leozi/p/13281224.html手动安装NVIDIA驱动： /weixin_39518984/article/details/111867578?spm=1001..3001.5501 （推荐）与第二个安装链接一起看：<bash: /usr/bin/nvidia-smi: No such file or directory>
成功解决问题的原因推测
因为nvidia525,515存在冲突或者损坏的包，所以此时换个其他版本的就好（感觉这种解决算折衷，不是个好方法）
