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初中英语近义词 同义词 词组 短语辨析大全(6-10篇)

时间:2019-12-23 21:03:37

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初中英语近义词 同义词 词组 短语辨析大全(6-10篇)

同义词辨析第06组:

重要词组短语

1.in English意为“使用英语”,in表示“用某种语言”。例如:

②Can you speak in Japanese? 你可以用日语讲话吗?

②This article was written in American English.

这篇文章是用美国英语写成的。

2.written English意为“书面英语”;spoken English意为“口语英语”;Englishspeaking country意为“讲英语的国家”;spelling differences意为“拼写差异”。例如:

①He is good at written English. 他的书面英语很好。

②They practise speaking in English in order to improve their spoken English.

他们练习用英语讲话,以提高英语口语水平。

③The USA, Canada, Australia, England and New Zealand are all English-speaking countries. 美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、英国、新西兰都是讲英语的国家。 3.more or less 意为“或多或少”,“在一定程度上”,表示自己的意见不那么肯定。例如:

①We hope our explanation will prove more or less helpful.

希望我们的说明多少能有些帮助。

②I must have given him a hundred pounds more or less.

我给他的钱大约有一百英镑了。

③His teaching method has more or less improved.

他的教学方法多少有些改进了。

④The repairs to the house will cost¥5,000 more or less.

修理这座房子将花费大约5,000元。

4.for example与such as的用法及区别

1)for example和such as都可当作“例如”解。但such as用来列举事物,插在被列举事物与前面的名词之间。例如:

①The farm grows various kinds of crops, such as wheat, corn, cotton and rice.

这个农场种植各种各样的庄稼,例如麦子,玉米,棉花和稻米。

【注意】

(1)such as一般不宜与and so on连用。

(2)对前面的复数名词部分起列举作用,一般不全部列出。故不可以说:

He knows four languages, such as Chinese, English, French and German. 应将such as改成namely, 后面加逗号。即:He knows four languages, namely, Chinese, English, French and German.

2)for example意为用来举例说明,有时可作为独立语,插在句中,不影响句子其他部分的语法关系。例如:

①A lot of people here, for example, Mr John, would rather have coffee.

这儿的许多人,例如约翰先生,宁愿喝咖啡。

5.由come构成的重要短语

观察以下例句中come所构成的短语,理解其意思,掌握其用法。

①How did these differences come about. 这些区别是怎样产生的呢?

②I came across an old school friend in the street a few days ago.

几天前我在街上碰见一个老同学。

③Have you ever come across anything like this before?

你以前碰到过这样的事情吗。

④She came along with us. 她是和我们一起来的。

⑤The bear came at the man. 熊朝那个人扑去。

⑥Have they came to any agreement? 他们达成协议了吗?

⑦The soldier came to himself in the end. 那战士终于醒了过来。

⑧Your wishes will come true one day. 你的愿望总有一天成为现实。

⑨Stories about the Nile have come down to us.

有关尼罗河的故事传到了我们这一代。

⑩Will the colour come out if the shirt is washed?

这件衬衫洗后会不会褪色?

(11)The temperature has come down to the freezing point. 温度已降到了冰点。

(12)He said he wasn\ coming back for the holiday.

他说他不准备回来度假了。

(13)He came over to meet us. 他跑过来迎接我们。

(14)Now let\s come to the text. 现在我们来学课文。

(15)He came up and asked me the wayto the school.

他走到我跟前,打听去学校的路。

(16)Who came first in the exam? 这次考试谁得第一?

(17)Oh, come on, Mary, do sing us a song,

来吧,玛丽,给我们唱首歌吧。

(18)I\m sure the machine will come into use one day.

我相信总有一天这种机器会被广泛使用的。

(19)The meeting came to an end at ten. 会议十点结束。

(20)Several questions came up at the meeting.

好多个问题在大会上被提了出来。

(21)Won\ you come over/round and meet my family.

过来见见我的家人好吗?

(22)A button has come off my coat. 我的上衣丢了个扣子。

(23)The seeds haven\ come up yet. 种子还没有发芽。

(24)Leaves and flowers come out when spring comes.

春天到来时,就会长出树叶,开出花朵。

(25)When will your father\s book come out?

你爸爸的书什么时候能出版?

6.a great many等表示“许多”的词语

英语中有许多词语可用来表示“许多”,根据性质可分为三大类。

1)修饰可数名词复数形式的有 many, a good/great many, quite a few, a large (或great)/small number of等,其后的谓语动词用复数形式。如:

①A great/good many words and expressions have come into the language from American English. 美国英语中的许多单词和短语进入了这门语言。

②Many have come to visit the old temple. 许多人来是为了看看古庙。

③Quite a few people didn\ understand this. Very few would accept it.

有许多人不明白这一点。很少有人愿意接受。

④A great/small number of new factories have been set up in my hometown.

我们家乡建立了许多新的工厂。

▲many和few, a few在句中可作定语、主语,但不能作表语。如只能说I have many/few books, 而不能说 My books are many/few.

▲very many相当于a great/good many, 在程度上比many要强。

▲a number of修饰主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,the number of…作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:

⑤A number of students have done the work well. 许多学生作业做得很好。

⑥The number of the students in our school has risen this year.

今年我们学校学生的数量上升了。

句⑤的 A number of作定语修饰主语 students。句⑥的介语短语 of the students in our school作定语,修饰前面的主语 the number, 表示特指,students 前的冠词the不能省。

2)修饰不可数名词的有much, a great deal of, quite a little, an amount of等。其后的谓语动词用单数形式。如:

①He has spent much/quite a little/a great deal of/a large amount of money on his new house. 他在新房子上花费了许多钱。

②Much/A great deal/Quite a little has been done to stop the noise.

已采取了许多措施来制止污染。

▲much, a great deal和 many一样,可作定语或主语,而不能作表语,我们一般说 He has much/a great deal of money, 而不说 His money is much(或a great deal)。

▲a great deal后面不接名词时,不能用介词of。

3)既能修饰可数名词,又能修饰不可数名词的有 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great quantity of等,谓语动词根据主语是可数或不可数决定单复数形式。如:①There are a lot of/lots of people in that room. 那个房间里有许多人。

②There\s a lot of/lots of rice in the bag. 那只口袋里有许多大米。

③They don\ have plenty of(=enough)rooms to live in/food to eat.

他们没有足够的房间住/没有足够的食品吃。

同义词辨析第07组:

常用句型结构

1.“主语+ have +(修饰语:no, little, some, much, great)等+difficulty/trouble +in + doing sth.”是一个常用的句型。例如:

①Everyone in the town knew him so we had no trouble/difficulty in finding his house. 镇上谁都认识他,因而我们毫不费事地找到了他的家。②We had great difficulty in building the house. 我们建房子费了很大劲。

③The students had some trouble in answering the question.

同学们回答这个问题有些困难。

④Do you have any trouble in finishing the work within two days?

两天内你完成这项工作有困难吗?

【注意】在使用这一句型时应注意以下四点:

1)difficulty/trouble为不可数名词,意为“困难”。

2)修饰语主要有no, little, some, much, great等。

3)句中介词为in,有时可省略。

4)介词in后必须跟动词的-ing形式。 2.I\d like to do something.是一个表示“愿意做某事”的常用句型。使用这一句型,应注意:

1)\d like是 should like和 would like的缩略式。常用来表示“愿意”之意,尤其是礼貌地提出邀请或愿意提供帮助时。like后可接名词或带to的动词不定式,但不接动词-ing形式。如:

①Would you like some bananas? 你想吃香蕉吗?

②Would you like to go there with me tomorrow?

明天你愿意和我一起去那儿吗?

【注意】用这种邀请句时,肯定回答用:“Yes, I\d love to.”否定回答用:

“I\d love to, but…”

③I\d like to see your ten-speed bicycle. 我想看看你们的十速自行车。

④Would you like to go to see the film this evening?

今天晚上你愿意去看电影吗?

⑤I\d love to, but I have a lot of work to do.

我愿意去,但是我有很多事要做。

2)除would, should外,had也常缩写成\d形式。例如:

①You\d better put on your coat. It\s rather cold outside. (had的缩略式)

你最好穿上大衣,外面很冷的。

②He\d rather die than give up his beautiful wife.

他宁死也不放弃他漂亮的妻子。(would的缩略式)

【注意】would rather do something或would like to do something均表示主语的意愿,而had better do something则表示说话者的意愿。

1.in和within的用法区别

in后接表示时间长度的名词,意为“过多少时间”或“在多少时间内”,有“不少于”之含意;within后可接表示时间长度或距离的名词,表示在“这一范围内”,有“不到”或“不超过”之意。如:

①The students will have mid-term exams in a few days\ time.

过几天学生将要期中考试。

②He will be hack in a week. 他过一星期回来。

③ He finished drawing the horse in/within five minutes.

他五分钟内画完了那匹马。

④My uncle lives within ten minutes\ walk.

我叔叔住在离这儿步行五分钟的地方。(不用in)

⑤Keep the dictionary within your reach.

把词典放在你够得着的地方。(不用in)

▲in表示“过多少时间”时,通常和一般将来时连用,如句①②:表示某一动作“在多少时间内”完成时通常用within,和一般将来时,一般现在时或一般过去时连用。

▲句①中 in a few days\ ime = in a few days. 如要说某一活动或事情离现在还有多少时间,一般说 in…time或 away。如:

⑥ Bob\s birthday is in five days\ time.=Bob\s birthday is five days away.

过5天就是鲍勃的生日了。

2.on,over和above的用法区别 1)on表示在一物体上,强调两物相接触,over也表示在一物体上,但强调覆盖这一物体。试比较:

① She put her coat on the bed. 她把大衣放在床上。

② She put her coat over the sleeping baby.

她把大衣盖在那正在睡觉的孩子身上。

③There\s a magazine lying open on the table.桌上有本杂志翻开着。

④There\s a cloth over the table. 桌上摊着一块台布。

⑤ The woman lifted a big jar on her head.

那位妇女头上顶着一只大坛子。

⑥ She put her hands over her face. 她用手遮住脸。

▲ over表示“越过”某一高度,具有动态之意,on仅表示“处于……之上”,是静态。试比较:

⑦ They dragged heavy stones with ropes over their shoulders.

他们肩背绳索拖拽巨石。(绳在肩膀两边弯下去,不用on。)

⑧ To my horror, I saw, over my father\s shoulder, a gorilla, the worst enemy of the soldier in Africa. 使我感到恐怖的是,从我父亲的肩膀上看过去,我发现非洲士兵最危险的敌人--------一只大猩猩。(视线越过肩膀后,一直向前方延伸,不用on. )

⑨ The farmers walked to their fields with hoes on their shoulders. 农民们肩上扛着锄头,向田地走去。(仅表示锄头所处的位置。是静态,用on,不用over. )

2)over和above都可以用来表示“高于”,相当于“higher than”。例如:

① The water came up over/above our knees.

水已涨至我们膝盖之上。

② Can you see the birds flying above/over the pear trees?

你看到那一片梨树上空飞翔的鸟吗?

▲如果要表示“覆盖”或“越过”,则用over。如:

③ There\s thick cloud over the south of England.

英格兰南部地区一片乌云。

④ Electricity cables went over the fields.

电缆线越过田野。(这句也可以用across)

▲指数量时,我们一般用 over(=more than)表示“超过”,但如果指上下垂直的度量以及海拔高度时,要用above。试比较:

⑤ You have to be over 18 to see this film.

你得超过十八岁才能看这部电影。(不用above)

⑥ The temperature is three degrees above zero.

温度在零上三度。(不用over)

⑦ The mountain is over(=more than)4,000 metres above (higher than) sealevel.

那座山海拔有四千多米高。

▲over表示在某人或某物的正上方,反义词是under。above表示位置高于某人或某物。但不一定是正上方,反义词是below.

3.助动词do可用来加强语气

助动词do可用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定陈述句中,与动词

原形连用,以加强语气,在句中要重读。如: ① You do look nice today. 你今天看起来确实很漂亮。

②She does talk a lot, doesn\ she? 她的确爱说话,不是吗?

③I did think he was right. 我确实认为他是对的。

④ She does speak well. 她的确讲得很好。

⑤ I don\ take much exercise now, but I did play football quite a bit when I wasyounger. 我现在不怎么运动了,但是我年轻时的确很喜欢踢足球。

⑥ Do tell me what happened. 请务必告诉我发生了什么事。

⑦ Do have another photo! 请再来一份照片吧!

4.介词through和across的用法与区别

1)through为介词,既可指时间,也可指地点。指时间时表示“在(整整一段时间)中”,指地点时表示“通过,穿过经过”(常有较活的译法)。例如:

① Sometimes they have to work through the weekend.

有时候整个周末他们都得工作。

② All through the night, he waited for news from the front.

整整一夜他等候着前线的消息。

③ She walked rapidly through the rice-fields. 她快步穿过稻田。④ The sunlight was coming in through the window.

阳光从窗口照射进来。

⑤ The wind was cutting through his thin prison uniform like a knife.

寒风象一把刀子透过他薄薄的囚服刺入骨髓。

2)across 与 through 的区别:

这两个介词都有“穿过”的意思,但用法却有所不同。across的含义与on有关,表示动作在某一物体的表面进行,常指从宽度意义上讲的“横穿/跨”。through的含义与 in有关,表示动作在某物体的空间进行。例如:

① He hurried across the bridge to Waterloo. 他匆匆过桥到滑铁泸去了。

② The river flows through the city from west to east.

这条河从西向东流过这座城市。

5.love的用法

love是一个及物动词,意为“爱,热爱,喜欢”。其后通常可跟名词、代词、不定式、动词-ing形式作宾语。例如:

① We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。

② Love me, love my dog. (谚语)爱屋及乌。

③ He loves to go swimming. 他喜欢游泳。

④ Do you love playing table tennis? 你喜欢打乒乓球吗?

【注意】love后跟不定式作宾语,指一时,一次的动作,表示某一具体的行为。而跟动词-ing形式作宾语时,指经常性的动作,表示一般或抽象的行为。这类动词有:like,prefer,hate等。例如:

① He likes swimming, but he doesn\ like to swim this afternoon.

他喜欢游泳,但今天下午他不想去了。

② I hate to trouble the old man today because I hate troubling old people.

我今天不愿打扰那位老人,因为我一向不愿打扰老年人。

▲另外,would/should love to= would like to。如:

③ I\d love to attend the meeting, but I\m too busy now.

我很愿意参加会议,但我现在太忙啦!

6.when用作并列连词

when用在并列连词,意为“这时突然;正在……时”。(=and then;andjust at that time),它所引导的并列句表示的动作发生在另一并列句中动词表示的动作之后。注意不能将when所引导的句子放在句首。例如:

① An Arab was walking along in the desert when he met two men.

一个阿拉伯人正独自在沙漠中走,这时他碰见两个人。

② I was just coming to see you when I ran into Wilson.

我正要去看你,这时我碰到威尔逊。

③ Peter was on his way home when two boys stopped him.

彼得正往家走,突然两个男孩拦住了他。

7.fly的用法

fly为不规则动词,其不规形式为flew,flown,flying。fly over,意为“越过,超越”。例如:

① The plane was flying over Denmark. 飞机正在飞越丹麦。

②He will fly to England next month. 下个月他将飞往英国。

8.请注意理解和掌握如下几个介词的用法

1)except表示“除……之外”,含有排他的涵义;besides表示“除……之外还有……”,有“附加”的涵义。如:\

① He gets up early every day except Sunday.

他每天早起,除了星期天例外。

② He gets up early besides Sunday.

除了星期天外,其他日子他也早起。

2)except for和 except不同之处是:前者“除开”的部分和论述的部分通常不是同一类事物,而后者则为同一类事物。试比较:

① This article is easy to understand except for some idiomatic expressions.

这篇文章除了几处习惯用语外,是很容易懂的。

② Except this one, the other articles are easy to understand.

除了这篇文章,其他的文章都好懂。

3)except for含有“除……之外,其他都……”,“如果没有……那就”这样一层意思,而except单纯指“除……之外”。

此外 except that有“除……”之意,that后面所引导的从句通常作介

词except的宾语。例如:

① It\s a very satisfactory hat, except that it doesn\ fit me. 那顶帽子再好也没有了,就是大小对我不合适。

4)介词 but与 except同义,意为“除……之外”(not including),常放在any,every,no以及含有这些词的复合不定代词如 anybody,anyone,anything,anywhere,everybody,everyone,everything,everywhere,nobody,nothing,nowhere和no one,none,all等词后。例如:

① Nobody but Li Lei knew something about the result of the discussion.

除了李雷没有别人知道讨论的结果。② He has nothing in the handbag but a copy of dictionary.

他手提包里没有别的什么,只有一本字典。

5)but几乎是惟一可接带to的动词不定式作宾语的介词。注意:当句中的主要动词是属于to do一类动词时,则but后面用不带to的不定式,即:

“介词but前有个do,后面动词不定式不带to;介词but前没有do,后面的动词不定式带to”。例如:

① I couldn\ do anything but sit there and hope.

除了坐等之外,我毫无办法。

② Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.

那么它就别无选择,只有躺下来睡觉。

9.形容词no对名词的否定及用法

1)no(形)+可数名词= not a或not any +可数名词。例如:

① There is no telephone in the building.

这座大楼里没有电话。

(There is not a telephone in the building.)

试比较:

2)no(形)+不可数名词或复数普通名词。例如:

① There is (He has) no water (hope, etc.).

(他)一点儿水(希望等)也没有。

② No seats are left. 没剩下座位。这类句子的强调说法是:

③ Not a seat is left. 一个座位也没有。

10.take的基本用法

1)作give的反义词,意为“拿走”。例如:

① They took the book from him. 他们从他那儿拿走那本书。

② Who\s taken my raincoat? 谁拿走了我的雨衣?

【注意】要表示从某地方拿走某物时,常与介词from,out of,off等连用;要表示从某人那里拿走某物时,要用介词from. 例如:

③ She came in to take the umbrella off the wall.

她走进来把雨伞从墙上取了下来。

④ Mr Zhang put on his glasses and took the letter from my hand.张先生戴上眼镜,把信从我手中接了过去。

2)作put的反义词,意为“拿,摘”。例如:

① Tom took a ring out of his pocket and put it on his girl friend\s finger.汤姆从口袋里拿出一枚戒指,戴在他的女友手上。

3)作bring的反义词,意为“带到”。例如:

① They took me somewhere else.

他们带我到了别的地方。

② He gave me some tapes to take home.

他给了我们一些磁带让我带回家。

11.travel,journey与 trip 用法比较

1)travel泛指旅行,是不可数名词。例如:

① Travel is much easier now than it used to be.

现在旅行比过去容易多了。

2)journey是指“某一次旅行”。例如:

①I hope you have a good journey. 我希望你旅途愉快。

3)trip往往是指带有某种特殊目的短期旅行。例如:

① He\s away on a business trip this week.

这个星期他外出办事去了。

同义词辨析第08组:

重要词组短语

1.see sb. off意为“为某人送行”。例如:

① I saw him off for Beijing yesterday.

我昨天送他动身到北京去。

②Mary saw him off at the bus station.

玛丽把他送到汽车站。

2.注意下列短语的用法

by bus 乘汽车

by train 乘火车

by air 乘飞机

by boat 乘船

by land 陆路

by sea 水路

on foot 步行

在上述短语中,名词前不用冠词,但在ride in a bus/car(乘坐汽车)和take a bus/taxi短语中则要用冠词。\\\ 3.say“Hi”to的含义

say“Hi”to相当于say hello to,是一种常用的问候语。其构成形式为动词+名词+介词。

另外类似的还有:

say good-bye to向……告别

say sorry to向……致歉

say yes/OK to同意……

say no to不同意

take care of关心,照料

pay attention to注意

例如:

① Let\s drive over there in the afternoon and say hello to him.

我们下午开车去向他问好。

② You must pay attention to what you hear on the tape.

你一定要注意你听到的录音。

4.see sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人做某事”

see 为感官动词,通常可跟动词-ing形式或不带to的不定式作宾语。常见的感官动词还有:hear,watch,notice,observe等。例如:

① I saw him walk up the hill.

我看着他继续上山(动作的全过程)。

② I saw him walking up the hill.

我看见他正在上山。(动作正在进行)

【注意】若see变为被动语态,那么不定式应带to。例如:

③He is often seen to walk up the hill. 经常看见他在上山。

④The lost child was last seen playing in the garden.

被丢失的孩子最后被看见是在花园里玩耍。

5.“be about to +不定式”结构表示即刻就要发生/做的事。例如:

①We are about to attend a meeting. 我们将要参加会议。

② They are about to finish their homework.

他们立刻就能完成他们的家庭作业。

【注意】在这种结构中,不能用表示时间的副词来修饰,若说成:I am aboutto leave next week. 则是错误的,应去掉修饰词 next week。

6.take off是常用的短语动词,意为“下车;脱掉(衣服等);起飞”。例如:

① We are going to take off at the next stop. 我们下站下车。

② He took off his cap and sat down. 他脱掉帽子,坐了下来。

③ The plane took off at 7 a. m. 飞机早晨七点起飞。

7.for miles and miles 是由介词加名词构成的个词短语,在句中作状语用。再如:

①for days and days“一连好几天”

②for weeks and weeks“一连好几周”

③for months and months“一连好几个月”

④for years and years“一连好几年”

8.nothing except =nothing but =only 意为“除……之外没有”,“仅有……”。

例如:

①Under the soil there is nothing but sand. 土壤下只有沙子。

②I had nothing in the world but a million-pound note.

除了一张一百万英镑的钞票外,我是一无所有。

9.happen to的两种用法

1)happen to sb. /sth. 一般用来强调某事发生的偶然性,如要表示事先安排或有准备的事件,则用 take place。happen 和 take place都不能用于被动。如:

① What has happened to him?

(=What\s wrong/the matter with him?) 他怎么了?

② What\s happening to the forest?

这一片森林正发生着什么情况?

③ The accident happened to him at three this afternoon.

今天下午三时他出了事。

④If anything happens to the machine, do let me know.

如果机器出了什么毛病,务请通知我。

⑤Great changes have taken place in our country in the past/last fifteen years.

十五年我们国家发生了巨大变化。(不用happen)

⑥ The sports meeting took place(=was held)in our school last week. \\\\\

上周我校举行了一次运动会。(不用 happen)

2)happen to do 表不“碰巧……”,如:

①I happened to be out when he called.

=It happened that I was out when he called.

他来访时我碰巧出去了。

②I happened to have read the article when he asked me about it.

=It happened that I had read…

当他问我有关那篇文章的问题时,我碰巧读过。

▲简单句改为复合句时须注意不定式动词转换成谓语动词的时态变化。

▲在It happened that…句型中,It为引导词,不能用人称代词。请注意其否定句中的否定词位置的转移,如“我碰巧身上没带钱”可有以下几种表达法:

③I happened not to have any money with me.

=I didn\ happen to have any money with me.

=I happened to have no money with me.

= It happened that I had no money with me.

= It happened that I didn\ have any money with me.

10.be made from,be made of 和 be made into

1)be made of和be made from 都是“用……制成”的意思,介词of和from都可以表示一件制成的东西所用的原料,但两者在用法上是有区别的。

be made of 表示制成成品后,仍可看出原材料是什么,保留原材料的质地形状,制作过程仅发生了物理变化。be made from 表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征,或原材料在制作过程中发生了化学变化,在成品中已无法辨认。试比较:

① The desks and chairs are made of wood. 这些课桌椅是木材制成的。

②The ink bottles are made of glass. 墨水瓶是玻璃制成的。

③ Salt is made from sea water. 盐是用海水制成的。

④ This kind of wine is made from wheat. 这种酒是用小麦制成的。

⑤ Books are made of paper and paper is made from wood. 书是纸制成的,而纸是用木材制成的。

2)be made into意思是“被制成……”,是被动形式,也可用主动 make…into…“把……制成……”。例如:

① Glass can be made into many kinds of things. 玻璃可制成许多种东西。

=We can make glass into many kinds of things.

我们可以把玻璃制成各种东西。

②Wood can be made into paper. 木材可制成纸。

=paper can be made from wood. 纸可以用木材制造。

=We can make wood into paper. 我们可以把木材制成纸。

3)be made in意思是“在……制作的”,in表示制造的地方。

①This kind of car is made in Shanghai. 这种汽车是在上海制造的。

②Watches made in Shanghai last long. 上海造的表经久耐用。

4)还有一个词组 be made up of,意思是“由……组成”。例如:

①The team is made up of three doctors and six nurses.

这个队是由三名医生和六名护士组成的。

同义词辨析第09组:

常用句型结构

1.How about…? (=What about…?)意思是“……怎么样?”,为口语中的常用句型。

常用来询问消息,征求同意,提出请示,了解看法;其后可接名词,代词,动词- ing形式等。如:

① How(What) about the volleyball match? 排球赛的情况怎么样?

②What about a cup of tea? 喝杯茶怎么样?

③ How(What) about a game of chess?下盘棋怎么样?

④ How (What) about helping me off with the damp clothes?

帮我把湿衣服脱掉怎么样?

⑤How (What) about his lecture? 他的演讲怎么样?

2.It is/was +adj.+inf.可作为一个句型来学习。例如:

①It is lucky to meet you here. 有幸在这儿见到你。

②It is not easy to get him to change his mind.

要他改变主意是不容易的。

③It is important for us to learn English well. 我们学好英语很重要。

④It is difficult for the little boy to carry the heavy box.

对那个小男孩来说,搬起那个重箱子是困难的。

3.感叹句

用来感叹名词,用 what,其句型为:What(a)+名词+主语+谓语!\\\

感叹形容词、副词用how,其句型为:How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语!例如:

① What fine weather it is. 多好的天气啊!(名词不可数)

② What clever students they are! 他们是多么聪明的学生啊!

③ How clean and tidy the room is! 多么干净整洁的房间啊!

④ How dangerous the tiger is! 这老虎太危险啦!

⑤ How heavily it rained! 雨下得真大啊!

4.take与时间短语连用时常用以下两种句型结构

1)“It takes/took(+人)+时间+动词不定式”。例如:

① It took them a whole day to finish the job.

完成那项工作花了他们一整天时间。

② It takes a lot of time to put this article into the computer.

把这篇文章录入电脑要花很多时间。

2)“某活动+take(+人)+时间”。例如:

①The journey took us at least five days.

那次旅行花了我们至少5天时间。

②Doing such a work must take much time.

做这项工作一定要花很多时间。

③The wound took a long time to heal.

这伤口过了很久才痊愈。

同义词辨析第10组:

重点词语用法

1.sound----词的用法

1)sound作名词,意为“声音”,有可数和不可数两种用法。如:

①Strange sounds came from the next room.(作可数名词)

奇怪的声音来自隔壁房间。

②Sound travels at 340 metres per second on air.(作不可数名词)。

声音以每秒340米的速度在空气中传播。

【注意】sound,voice和 noise三个词都表示声音,但用法不同,其区别如下:

①sound指任何能听到的声音。如:

the sound of voices说话声

the sound of music音乐声

the sound of breaking glass 打碎玻璃的声音

②voice指人的说话声或唱歌声。如:

She has sweet voice. 她的声音甜美。

③noise通常指较大的使人不快的声音。如:

Stop making so much noise!不要弄出这么大的声响!

2)sound作连系动词,意为“听起来”,“听上去(给人以某种印象)”,常接形容词作表语,不接副词。还可接名词,介词短语或从句。如:

①Your cough sounds better. 你的咳嗽听起来好些了。

②That sounds like a good idea!那听起来是个好主意。

③It sounds as if(as though) the government doesn\ know what to do.

听起来好像政府不知道该怎么办。

3)sound作及物动词,意为“发出声音”、“发(音)”;作不及物动词,意为“发声”、“响”。如:

①The bell sounded for dinner at eight o\clock.晚餐铃声八点钟响。

②A bell is sounded at eight o\clock.八点钟时敲响铃子。

③Sound your horn to warn the other driver.按喇叭警告另一位驾驶员。

4)sound作形容词,表示“健康的”、“完好的”、“正确的”、“彻底的”等含义。

如:

children of sound mind and body 身心健康的孩子们。

a sound sleep 酣睡

另外sound可作副词,用于习语,如:

be sound asleep(酣睡着)

2.比较like和as

1)like为介词,意为“如,像”,偶尔作连词用,代替as. 如:

①She sings like a bird.她唱起歌来像小鸟一样。

②Do you have to feed plants like you feed chickens?

你是否必须给植物喂东西吃,就像喂小鸡那样呢?

2)as常作介词,意为“充当”、“作为”。如:

①As your teacher,I think it my duty to help you.作为老师,我认为帮助你是我的责任。

3)like常用的短语有: sound/feel/seem/look/be like;like this,like that等。

as常用的短语有:have/think of/look on/treat/regard/consider/work,etc…as等。

4)试比较下面两句:

①He works like a worker. (He really is not a worker. )

他像工人一样干活。

②He works as a work.(He himself is a worker.)

他作为一名工人而工作。

3.感官动词+复合宾语

感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice,observe及使役动词let,make,have 后接复合宾语时,其中的宾语补足语通常有三种形式:

1)用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,表示宾语所代表的人或物所发出的动作。如:

①Then I watched all the glass that were on the table fall off onto the floor.

接着我看到桌上玻璃杯都摔落到地上。

②Did you notice a girl in red enter the building?

你看见一个穿红衣服的女孩进入这座大楼了吗?

③She lets her children stay up very late. 她让孩子很晚睡觉。

【注意】这些动词中,除了let和have一般不用于被动语态,其他动词均可用于被动语态。用于被动语态时,不定式前必须带to。如:

①She is often heard to sing songs.人们经常听到她唱歌。

②Though he often made his little sister cry,today he was made to cry by his lit tle sister. 虽然他时常惹他妹妹哭,但今天却被他妹妹弄哭了。

上例中,though 引导的从句是主动结构,动词原形cry在句中作宾语补足语,后而的主句是被动结构,to cry在句中作宾语补足语。

2)用现在分词作宾语补足语,表示宾语正在进行的动作。如:\\

①Why do you stand and watch them fighting?你为什么站着看他们打架?

②She felt her heart beating faster.她觉得心跳加快了。

【注意】动词不定式作宾补和现在分词作宾补都表示主动关系,即宾语

与补足语间构成逻辑上的主谓关系,但两者含义不同。

用不定式指一个动作或一件事的全过程,有时指经常发生的动作;

而现在分词则指一个正在进行的动作,是部分,而不是全过程。试比较:

①When did you last saw the boy playing in the garden?

你最后一次看到那男孩在花园里玩是什么时间?

②They knew her very well.They had seen her grow up from childhood.

他们对她非常熟悉,他们是看着她从小长大的。

3)过去分词作宾语补足语,表示被动关系,即宾语与补足语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,同时表示动作已完成。如:

①He raised his voice to make himself heard.

他提高声音,使别人能听见他的话。

②There was a person who saw the man killed.

有一个人目击了那个男子被杀。

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