Hello everyone, welcome to the bestmytest TOEFL independent writing video series. Todays video is about understanding the six question types of the TOEFL independent essay questions.
大家好，欢迎参加 bestmytest 托福独立写作视频系列。今天的视频是关于了解托福独立写作题的六种题型。
When you start the TOEFL independent writing task, youll be asked a question. Your job is to plan and write an essay in response to this question.
当你开始托福独立写作任务，你会被问到一个问题。你的任务是计划并写一篇文章来回答这个问题。
It will help if you understand that different types of writing questions you may encounter. Lets take a look at them now.
如果你能了解你可能会遇到的不同类型的写作问题，这样会很有帮助。我们现在来看看这些问题。
Before we begin learning about the six different question types, lets have a look at the basic high scoring essay structure. First is the introductory paragraph.
在我们开始了解这六种不同的题型之前，我们现在看看基础的高分文章结构。首先是导入段。
The introduction paragraph contains the general background information about the essay topic and a thesis statement. A thesis statement includes your main opinion on the essay topic and a preview of your key points which youll be developing in the body paragraphs.
导入段包含有关文章主题的一般性背景信息和论点。论点包括你对文章主题的主要观点和你要在正文段落中展开的要点的预告。
Well cover how to write an introductory paragraph in another video. Okay, lets move on to the body paragraphs.
我们会在另一个视频中讲解如何导入段落。好的，我们来讲正文段落。
Each body paragraph is used to explain one key point you introduced in the introduction paragraph. Generally speaking, a high-scoring essay has three body paragraphs.
每个正文段都用于解释一个你在导入段中介绍的要点。一般来说，高分文章有三个主题段落。
But if you find yourself running out of time, you can just write two. After you complete your body paragraphs, itll be time to write your conclusion.
但是如果你发现自己时间不多了，你也可以就写两段。当你完成了主题段落，就该写结尾了。
The conclusion paragraph summarizes each of your key points. It contains a restatement of the thesis statement you wrote in your introduction and a brief summary of your main ideas.
结尾段要总结你的每个要点。它包含复述你在导入中写的论点，以及简单地总结你的主要想法。
This five paragraph structure approach can be used for five out of the six essay question types. The compare and contrast question type is the only essay question that will require a different structure.
这个五段结构的方法可用于六种写作题型中的五种。比较和对比题型是唯一的需要不同结构的题型。
Well talk about compare and contrast questions later in the video. The first independent question type on our list is agree or disagree.
我们将在视频后面的部分讨论比较和对比题。我们列表上的第一个独立题型是同意还是不同意。
And agree or disagree question will give you a statement of opinion and ask you whether you agree or disagree with that statement. You will also have to provide specific reasons and examples to support your position.
同意或不同意的问题将给你一个观点的陈述，然后问你是否同意这个陈述。你还要提供具体的理由和事例来支持你的立场。
Here is an example. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement.
这里是一个例子。你同意或不同意以下陈述。
All students should be required to study art and music in secondary school. Use specific reasons to support your answer.
应该要求所有学生在中学学习艺术和音乐。请使用具体原因来支持你的回答。
For this type of question, your essay structure should have four or five paragraphs. Here is the breakdown.
对于这种题型，你的文章结构应该有五个段落。具体分布如下。
Okay, now lets look at the second essay question type, support or oppose. This type of question is very similar to the agree or disagree question.
好的，现在我们来看第二种文章题型，支持或反对。这个题型跟同意还是不同意的问题非常相似。
However, instead of asking you to agree or disagree with the statement, the support or oppose question will ask you to support or oppose a situation. Here is an example.
但是它没有问你同意或不同意那个陈述，支持或反对题会要求你支持或反对某种情况。下面是一个例题。
It has recently been announced that a new restaurant may be built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan?
最近宣布可能要在你家附近建一家新餐厅。你是支持还是反对这个计划？
In this type of essay, be sure to focus your reasons on the pros and cons of the situation. If you decide to support the plan, then your essay will need to focus more on the pros.
在这种类型的文章中，请确保专注于你同意或反对这种情形的理由。如果你决定支持这个计划，那么你问文章就要更多专注于有点。
But don be afraid to mention a con. For example, you can talk about how building the restaurant in the neighborhood will cost taxpayers money, but itll be worth the cost because you feel it will benefit the whole community.
但不要害怕提缺点。例如，你可以谈论在附近建餐厅将花费纳税人钱，但花得值得，因为你认为它将使整个社区受益。
You will need to give reasons why it will benefit the community. OK, now the next question type in our list is a preference question.
你需要说明为什么它会有益于社区。好的，我们列表中的下一个题型是偏好问题。
A preference question will give you a choice between two options and ask you which option you prefer. You will need to provide specific reasons and examples to explain why you prefer that option.
偏好问题将为你提供两个选项供你选择，并问你更喜欢哪个选项。你需要提供具体的原因和事例来解释你为什么更喜欢那个的选项。
Here is an example. Some people prefer to live in a small town.
下面是一个例题。有些人更喜欢住在小镇上。
Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in?
其他人更喜欢住在大城市。你更喜欢住在哪个地方？
Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. Generally speaking, preference questions are personal in nature.
请使用具体的原因和细节来支持你的回答。通常来说，偏好问题本质是个人的。
They ask about your preference, not what you think is best for people in a general or in a group of people. For this reason, you can rely on personal experience and reasons to support your answer.
他们会问你的偏好，而不是你认为什么最适合一般大众或一群人。因此，你可以依靠个人经验和理由来支持你的回答。
Okay, moving along to our next question type, the if or imaginary question. In if for imaginary question, well give you a hypothetical or imagined situation and ask what you would do or what you would choose.
好的，继续我们的下一个问题，如果或假设问题。在如果或假设问题中，我们会给你一个假设的或想象中的情况，并问你会做什么或会选择什么。
Rather than choosing between the two things or two opinions, you are typically not limited in your choice. That is, you can choose anything that fits the situation.
不是在两件事或两种观点之间做出选择，通常你的选择没有限制。也就是说，你可以选择任何适合情况的东西。
Here is an example. If you could invent something new, what product would you develop?
下面是一个例题。如果你可以发明一些新产品，你会开发什么样的产品呢？
Use specific details to explain why this invention is needed. Remember when you write your response to an if or an imaginary question, you should use modals such as would and could, when you e discussing a hypothetical imagined or unreal situation, rather than will and can.
请使用具体的细节来解释为什么需要这项发明。请记住，当你在回答如果或假设问题时，如果你在讨论一个假设的或非真实的情景时，你应该使用情态动词，例如 would 和 could，而不是 will 和 can。
The final question type using the five paragraph structure you learned at the beginning of the video is description or explanation question. A description or explanation question will ask you to describe a certain type of person, especially the good qualities of a person or explain something in the world.
最后一个要使用你在视频开头学到的五段结构的题型是描述或解释题。描述或解释题会要求你描述某种类型的人，特别是一个人的好品质或解释世界上的某个东西。
You might have to choose something to explain. Or you might be given something specific to explain.
你可能需要选择一些要解释的内容。或者别人可能会给你一些具体的东西来解释。
You might have to explain why something is beneficial, important or significant. Or you might have to explain the reasons for or effects of something.
你可能要解释为什么某物是有益的或重要的。或者你可要解释某些事物的原因或影响。
Here are some examples. How do movies and television influence peoples behavior?
以下是一些例题。电影和电视节目如何影响人们的行为？
Give reasons and examples to support your answer. Some people say that computers have made life easier and more convenient.
请用原因和事例来支持你的回答。有些人说计算机使生活更轻松，更方便。
Other people say that computers have made life more complex and stressful. Whats your opinion?
其他人说计算机使生活变得更加复杂和有压力。你的观点是什么？
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Neighbors are people who live near us.
请使用具体的原因和事例支持你的答案。邻居是住在我们附近的人。
In your opinion, what are the qualities of a good neighbor? Use specific details and examples in your answer.
在你看来，好的邻居应该有什么品质？请在你的答案中使用具体的细节和事例。
OK, this is our last question type in our list and is a little tricky. The compare and contrast question can fool you.
好的，这是我们列表中的最后一个题型，而且有点难。比较和对比题可能会欺骗你。
So you need to pay attention to what its really asking. Generally speaking, you will see two variations of this type of question.
所以你需要注意它真正在问什么。一般来说，你会看到这类问题的两种变体。
First, the question might give you two subjects and ask you to compare and contrast them. That is to share the similarities and differences between them.
首先，这个问题可能会给你两个主题，然后要你进行比较和对比。也就是要对比它们之间的相似点和不同点。
However, the question might ask you to compare the advantages and disadvantages of only one subject. So read the question carefully.
但是这个问题可能会要求你比较一个主题的优点和缺点。所以请仔细阅读问题。
Both variations could also ask you to state your personal opinion or your personal preference. Here are the examples of the first variation.
这两种变体还可能要求你陈述你的个人观点或个人偏好。以下是第一个变体的例子。
It has been said that not everything that is learned is contained in books. Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books.
有人说，并不是所有学到的东西都在书中。请比较和对比从经验中获得的知识与从书本中获得的知识。
Whats your opinion? Which source is more important?
你的看法是什么？哪种来源更重要？
Why? Some people trust their first impressions about a persons character, because they believe that these judgments are generally correct.
为什么？有些相信他们对一个人的性格的第一印象，因为他们相信这些判断通常是正确的。
Other people do not judge a persons character quickly, because they believe that first impressions are often wrong. Compare these two attitudes.
其他人不会快速判断一个人的性格，因为他们认为第一印象往往是错误的。请比较这两种态度。
Which attitudes do you agree with? Support your choice with specific examples.
你同意哪种态度？使用具体的事例支持你的选择。
Some people believe the best way of learning about life is by listening to the advice of family and friends. Other people believe that the best way of learning about life is through personal experience.
有些人认为学习关于生活的最佳方法是听取家人和朋友的建议。其他人认为学习关于生活的最佳方法是通过个人经验。
Compare the advantages of these two different ways of learning about life. Which do you think is preferable?
比较这两种不同学习关于生活的方式的优势。你认为哪个更好？
Use specific examples to support your preference. And here are some examples of the second variation.
请使用事例来支持你的偏好。以下是第二个变体的一些例题。
Some young children spend a great amount of their time practicing sports. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this.
一些年幼的孩子花大量时间练习运动。请讨论这样做的优缺点。
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your community.
请使用具体的原因和事例来支持你的答案。一家公司宣布希望在你社区附近建设大型工厂。
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your community. Do you support or oppose the factory?
请讨论对你社区的这种新影响的优缺点。你是支持还是反对工厂？
Explain your position. So can you see the difference between them?
请解释自己的立场。你能明白它们之间的区别吗？
When you write a comparison and contrast essay, you need to be aware of what the question is asking. Is it asking for the comparison of two different things, or is it asking you to describe advantage and disadvantage of one thing?
在写比较和对比文章时，你需要知道问题问的是什么。它是要求你比较两个不同的事物还是要求你描述某个事物的优缺点？
Lets look at the essay structure of those variations. As you can see, the major difference is how you write your two body paragraphs.
我们来看看这些变体的文章结构。如你所见，主要区别在于你如何写两个正文段落。
When the question is asking you to compare aspects of two subjects, each body paragraph compares and contrasts to subjects in one aspect. When the question is asking you to compare pros and cons of one subject, your first body paragraph discusses the advantages and your second body paragraph discusses the disadvantages.
当题目要求你比较两个主题的各个方面，那么每个正文段落要比较和对比主题的一个方面。当题目要求你比较某个主题的优缺点时，你的第一个主题段落要讨论优点，而第二个主题段落要讨论缺点。
I want to end this video with emphasizing how important understanding these question types and the essay structures are to getting a high score. It is in fact the most important step to getting a high TOEFL score on the independent writing section.
在视频的最后我想要强调理解这些题型和文章结构对于得高分来说有多么重要。事实上这是在托福独立写作部分获得高分重要步骤。
The reason for this is being organized will give you more time to focus on your writing. Youll likely finish your essay before time runs out and giving yourself the opportunity to proofread.
原因是文章有条理能够让你有更多时间专注于写作。你很可能会在时间用完之前完成你的文章，并让自己有机会进行校对。
In addition, your essay will be more cohesive compared to someone who didn organize their thoughts beforehand. We hope youve enjoyed this video.
除此之外，你的文章会比那些没有事先整理好想法的人的文章更具有整体性。我们希望你喜欢这个视频。
The next video in our TOEFL independent writing video series will be how to write the introductory paragraph part 1. Thank you for watching.
我们托福独立独立写作视频系列中的下一个视频将是如何写导入段的第一部分。谢谢您的观看。
Please like and subscribe.
请点赞并订阅。
